Abstract
In order to understand the fungicidal activity of Inula britannica, ethanolic extract of its flowers was separated by different solvents and the activities of different solvent extracts against 13 plant pathogenic fungi were tested in vitro and in vivo. The results showed the extraction rates of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butyl alcohol were 34.89%, 8.99%, 8.63% and 22.72%, respectively. Chloroform extract at the concentration of 1.0 mg·mL-1 exhibited strongly fungicidal activities to mycelium growth of the investigated fungi, and the inhibition rates against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were 73.77% and 66.25%; the inhibition rates of the ethylacetate extract and n-butyl alcohol extract against P. capsici and S. sclerotiorum were 67.69%, 62.12% and 56.07%, 51.75%, respectively; the inhibition rate of the petroleum ether extract against Botrytis cintrea was 58.70%. With the same application rate as above, the chloroform extract could inhibit the spore germination of Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum on the cotton, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum on the capsicum, and the inhibition rates were 96.00%, 92.44%, 80.43%, 78.45% and 71.84%, respectively; the inhibition rates of ethylacetate extract against six investigated fungi were from 40.86% to 86.42%; spore germination was inhibited markedly in F. oxysporum by petroleum ether extract, and the inhibition rate was 82.52%. The protective and therapeutic efficacies of chloroform extract against B. cinerea were 57.65% and 50.60% (6 d) on the tomato treated at the concentration of 2.0 mg·mL-1, respectively, and its therapeutic efficacy wasn't significantly different with the control fungicide-pyrimethanil at 0.4 mg·mL-1.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum ether extraction yielded 34.89%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannica
Pentanema britannicat0 - Treatment
- petroleum ethere0
- Outcome
- extraction ratese0
- Value
- 34.89%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extraction rates of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butyl alcohol were 34.89%, 8.99%, 8.63% and 22.72%, respectively.”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extraction yielded 8.99%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- chloroforme0
- Outcome
- extraction ratese0
- Value
- 8.99%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extraction rates of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butyl alcohol were 34.89%, 8.99%, 8.63% and 22.72%, respectively.”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylacetate extraction yielded 8.63%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- ethylacetatee0
- Outcome
- extraction ratese0
- Value
- 8.63%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extraction rates of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butyl alcohol were 34.89%, 8.99%, 8.63% and 22.72%, respectively.”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
N-butyl alcohol extraction yielded 22.72%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- n-butyl alcohole0
- Outcome
- extraction ratese0
- Value
- 22.72%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extraction rates of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butyl alcohol were 34.89%, 8.99%, 8.63% and 22.72%, respectively.”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Phytophthora capsici mycelium growth by 73.77%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- Chloroform extract at the concentration of 1.0 mg·mL-1e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelium growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 73.77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chloroform extract at the concentration of 1.0 mg·mL-1 exhibited strongly fungicidal activities to mycelium growth of the investigated fungi, and the inhibition rates against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were 73.77% and 66.25%”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelium growth by 66.25%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- Chloroform extract at the concentration of 1.0 mg·mL-1e0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelium growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 66.25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroform extract at the concentration of 1.0 mg·mL-1 exhibited strongly fungicidal activities to mycelium growth of the investigated fungi, and the inhibition rates against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were 73.77% and 66.25%”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylacetate extract inhibited P. capsici by 67.69%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- ethylacetate extracte0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 67.69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition rates of the ethylacetate extract and n-butyl alcohol extract against P. capsici and S. sclerotiorum were 67.69%, 62.12% and 56.07%, 51.75%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylacetate extract inhibited S. sclerotiorum by 62.12%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- ethylacetate extracte0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 62.12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition rates of the ethylacetate extract and n-butyl alcohol extract against P. capsici and S. sclerotiorum were 67.69%, 62.12% and 56.07%, 51.75%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
N-butyl alcohol extract inhibited P. capsici by 56.07%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- n-butyl alcohol extracte0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 56.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition rates of the ethylacetate extract and n-butyl alcohol extract against P. capsici and S. sclerotiorum were 67.69%, 62.12% and 56.07%, 51.75%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
N-butyl alcohol extract inhibited S. sclerotiorum by 51.75%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- n-butyl alcohol extracte0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 51.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition rates of the ethylacetate extract and n-butyl alcohol extract against P. capsici and S. sclerotiorum were 67.69%, 62.12% and 56.07%, 51.75%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum ether extract inhibited Botrytis cintrea by 58.70%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- petroleum ether extracte0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cintreae0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition ratee0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 58.70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition rate of the petroleum ether extract against Botrytis cintrea was 58.70%.”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Colletotrichum dematium spore germination by 96.00%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum dematium
_-_G-Bedlan%2C_Wien.jpg?width=60)
Colletotrichum dematiume0pathogen - Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 96.00%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_G-Bedlan%2C_Wien.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“chloroform extract could inhibit the spore germination of Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum on the cotton, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum on the capsicum, and the inhibition rates were 96.00%, 92.44%, 80.43%, 78.45% and 71.84%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Fusarium oxysporum on cotton spore germination by 92.44%.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 92.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“chloroform extract could inhibit the spore germination of Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum on the cotton, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum on the capsicum, and the inhibition rates were 96.00%, 92.44%, 80.43%, 78.45% and 71.84%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spore germination by 80.43%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 80.43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroform extract could inhibit the spore germination of Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum on the cotton, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum on the capsicum, and the inhibition rates were 96.00%, 92.44%, 80.43%, 78.45% and 71.84%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Fusarium graminearum spore germination by 78.45%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 78.45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“chloroform extract could inhibit the spore germination of Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum on the cotton, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum on the capsicum, and the inhibition rates were 96.00%, 92.44%, 80.43%, 78.45% and 71.84%, respectively”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract inhibited Fusarium oxysporum on capsicum spore germination by 71.84%.
- Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 71.84%e0
CapsicumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroform extract could inhibit the spore germination of Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum on the cotton, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum on the capsicum, and the inhibition rates were 96.00%, 92.44%, 80.43%, 78.45% and 71.84%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylacetate extract inhibited spore germination of six fungi by 40.86% to 86.42%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- ethylacetate extracte0
- Outcome
- inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 40.86% to 86.42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition rates of ethylacetate extract against six investigated fungi were from 40.86% to 86.42%”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum ether extract inhibited F. oxysporum spore germination by 82.52%.
- Taxon
- Inula britannicaPentanema britannicat0
- Treatment
- petroleum ether extracte0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 82.52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spore germination was inhibited markedly in F. oxysporum by petroleum ether extract, and the inhibition rate was 82.52%.”
t0“Inula britannica”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract protected tomato against B. cinerea with 57.65% efficacy.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- protectivee0
- Direction
- protectivee0
- Value
- 57.65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protective and therapeutic efficacies of chloroform extract against B. cinerea were 57.65% and 50.60% (6 d) on the tomato treated at the concentration of 2.0 mg·mL-1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extract treated tomato B. cinerea with 50.60% efficacy after 6 days, similar to pyrimethanil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- therapeutic efficaciese0
- Direction
- wasn't significantly differente0
- Value
- 50.60%e0
- Comparator
- control fungicide-pyrimethanil at 0.4 mg·mL-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“therapeutic efficacies of chloroform extract against B. cinerea were 57.65% and 50.60% (6 d) on the tomato treated at the concentration of 2.0 mg·mL-1, respectively, and its therapeutic efficacy wasn't significantly different with the control fungicide-pyrimethanil at 0.4 mg·mL-1.”
The same questions in other papers
chloroform · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides · Pentanema britannica (xuan fu hua)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chloroform · Phytophthora capsici · Pentanema britannica (xuan fu hua)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →botanical · disease · Pentanema britannica (xuan fu hua)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides · Pentanema britannica (xuan fu hua)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · Fusarium oxysporum · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
botanical · Phytophthora capsici · Pentanema britannica (xuan fu hua)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.