Abstract
When wheat coleoptiles or plants are subjected to a period of heat stress (e.g, at > 35�C for 1 h or more), there is a reduction in normal protein synthesis, accompanied by de novo synthesis of the classical range of heat-shock proteins (based on radioactive tracer experiments) in virtually all parts of the plant. Study of coleoptile elongation rates indicates that this synthesis is related to a protective effect, whereby a preliminary heat shock provides a degree of protection against a later lethal shock. This thermotolerance is also associated with the appearance in coleoptiles and roots of a small peptide (detected without radioactive labelling) whose amino acid sequence (12 residues) is the same as the N-terminal sequence of the alpha- and beta-gliadin proteins of the endosperm. Heat stress during grain filling leads to important changes in the synthesis of gluten proteins with reduced synthesis of the high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin, and continuing synthesis of other gluten proteins, particularly various gliadin proteins. This latter group of polypeptides is thus presumed to be acting as heat-shock proteins, and indeed, multiple heat-shock elements are present in the published sequences of representative genes, up-stream of the coding regions. HPLC analysis (with or without radioactive labelling) shows that there is a resulting change from the normal balance of gluten polypeptides immediately after the shock as well as in the mature grain. As a result, there is a lower proportion of large-sized aggregates of glutenin and weaker dough properties. This scenario indicates that it should be possible to identify genotypes that would be tolerant to stressrelated variations in quality by analysis of gluten composition and, at the gene level, by screening for heat-stress elements in the genes encoding HMW-glutenin subunits. In addition, heat stress modifies the particle size distribution of the starch fraction of mature grain, producing an increase in the proportion of large (A-type) starch granules. No change in chemical structure was detectable as a result of heat stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced normal protein synthesis in wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- heat stresse1
- Outcome
- normal protein synthesise0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a reduction in normal protein synthesis”
t0“Wheat”
e1“Heat stress during grain filling leads to important changes in the synthesis of gluten proteins with reduced synthesis of the high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress induced classical heat-shock proteins throughout wheat plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse1
- Outcome
- synthesis of the classical range of heat-shock proteinse0
- Direction
- de novoe0
- Qualifier
- virtually all parts of the plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“de novo synthesis of the classical range of heat-shock proteins (based on radioactive tracer experiments) in virtually all parts of the plant”
t0“Wheat”
e1“Heat stress during grain filling leads to important changes in the synthesis of gluten proteins with reduced synthesis of the high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin”
Claim · model-written summary
A preliminary heat shock afforded some protection against a later lethal shock.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a preliminary heat shocke0
- Outcome
- protection against a later lethal shocke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a preliminary heat shock provides a degree of protection against a later lethal shock”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermotolerance was associated with a small peptide in coleoptiles and roots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptiles and rootse0
- Outcome
- thermotolerancee0
- Qualifier
- appearance in coleoptiles and roots of a small peptidee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This thermotolerance is also associated with the appearance in coleoptiles and roots of a small peptide”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The peptide had the same 12-residue N-terminal sequence as endosperm alpha- and beta-gliadins.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme0
- Gene
- alpha- and beta-gliadin proteinse0
- Outcome
- amino acid sequencee0
- Value
- 12 residuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whose amino acid sequence (12 residues) is the same as the N-terminal sequence of the alpha- and beta-gliadin proteins of the endosperm”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress during grain filling reduced HMW glutenin subunit synthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stress during grain fillinge0
- Gene
- high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenine0
- Outcome
- synthesis of the high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress during grain filling leads to important changes in the synthesis of gluten proteins with reduced synthesis of the high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Other gluten proteins, particularly gliadins, continued to be synthesized under heat stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- gliadin proteinse0
- Outcome
- continuing synthesis of other gluten proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuing synthesis of other gluten proteins, particularly various gliadin proteins”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Representative gliadin genes contained multiple upstream heat-shock elements.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- representative genese0
- Outcome
- multiple heat-shock elements are presente0
- Qualifier
- up-stream of the coding regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple heat-shock elements are present in the published sequences of representative genes, up-stream of the coding regions”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock changed the balance of gluten polypeptides immediately and in mature grain.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- mature graine0
- Treatment
- shocke0
- Outcome
- balance of gluten polypeptidese0
- Direction
- changee0
- Comparator
- normal balance of gluten polypeptidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a resulting change from the normal balance of gluten polypeptides immediately after the shock as well as in the mature grain”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress resulted in a lower proportion of large glutenin aggregates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proportion of large-sized aggregates of glutenine0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a lower proportion of large-sized aggregates of glutenin”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress resulted in weaker dough properties.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dough propertiese0
- Direction
- weakere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weaker dough properties”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased the proportion of large A-type starch granules in mature grain.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- mature graine0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- proportion of large (A-type) starch granulese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat stress modifies the particle size distribution of the starch fraction of mature grain, producing an increase in the proportion of large (A-type) starch granules”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress produced no detectable change in starch chemical structure.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- chemical structuree0
- Direction
- No changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No change in chemical structure was detectable as a result of heat stress”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.