Abstract
In a field experiment conducted at Florence, S. C., in 1960, a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spore material containing 93 × 109 spores per gram gave good control of the tobacco hornworm (Protoparce sexta (Johannson)) and the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) on tobacco. Hand applications of the spore material, either undiluted or in a cornmeal bait, to the terminal buds gave as good or better control than sprays containing Thiodan® (6,7,8,9,10, 10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9,-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), endrin, or Shell SD-4402 (1,3,4,5,6, 7,8,8-octachloro-8a,4, 7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanophthalan), but caused injury to tender foliage. A bacillus suspension spray was less phytotoxic and equal to the chemical insecticides in protecting the plants from the caterpillars. Combinations of the bacillus and either SD-4402 or Thiodan were usually no better than the bacillus alone.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis spore material gave good control of tobacco hornworm.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spore materiale0
- Interactor
- Protoparce sexta (Johannson)e0pest
- Outcome
- control of the tobacco hornworme0
- Direction
- good controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spore material containing 93 × 109 spores per gram gave good control of the tobacco hornworm (Protoparce sexta (Johannson)) and the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) on tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis spore material gave good control of tobacco budworm.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spore materiale0
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescens (F.)
Heliothis virescense0pest - Outcome
- the tobacco budworme0
- Direction
- good controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spore material containing 93 × 109 spores per gram gave good control of the tobacco hornworm (Protoparce sexta (Johannson)) and the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) on tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand applications of spore material controlled caterpillars as well as or better than chemical sprays.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Hand applications of the spore materiale0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- as good or bettere0
- Comparator
- sprays containing Thiodan®e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“Hand applications of the spore material, either undiluted or in a cornmeal bait, to the terminal buds gave as good or better control than sprays containing Thiodan® (6,7,8,9,10, 10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9,-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), endrin, or Shell SD-4402 (1,3,4,5,6, 7,8,8-octachloro-8a,4, 7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanophthalan)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand application of spore material injured tender tobacco foliage.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- injury to tender foliagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“but caused injury to tender foliage”
Claim · model-written summary
A bacillus suspension spray was less phytotoxic.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- bacillus suspension spraye0
- Outcome
- phytotoxice0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- chemical insecticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“A bacillus suspension spray was less phytotoxic and equal to the chemical insecticides in protecting the plants from the caterpillars”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacillus suspension spray protected plants from caterpillars as well as chemical insecticides.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- bacillus suspension spraye0
- Interactor
- caterpillarse0pest
- Outcome
- protecting the plants from the caterpillarse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- chemical insecticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“A bacillus suspension spray was less phytotoxic and equal to the chemical insecticides in protecting the plants from the caterpillars”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining bacillus with SD-4402 or Thiodan usually did not improve on bacillus alone.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Combinations of the bacillus and either SD-4402 or Thiodane0
- Outcome
- no bettere0
- Direction
- no bettere0
- Comparator
- bacillus alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“Combinations of the bacillus and either SD-4402 or Thiodan were usually no better than the bacillus alone”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus thuringiensis · Heliothis virescens · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · crop injury · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
application · pest · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.