Abstract
Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression were used to measure quantitatively the aggregation patterns of Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and adults in tomatoes grown under various CPB management practices. Taylor’s method provided a better fit to the count data than did Iwao’s regression. First and second instars exhibited the highest degree of aggregation, followed by third and fourth instars, adults, and egg masses, in decreasing magnitude of contagion. Spatial distribution patterns of CPB were not significantly affected by tillage treatment (conventional-till or no-till) or by insecticide applications. Fixed-precision-level sequential sampling plans, therefore, were developed for CPB third and fourth instars and for adults, based on Taylor’s power law. An alternative technique to determine the minimum number of tomato plant samples necessary to estimate various larva and adult mean densities is discussed. Because of a greater tendency toward aggregation among third and fourth instars, more plant samples were required to estimate similar mean densities of large larvae than were needed for adults.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Taylor’s method fit beetle counts better than Iwao’s regression.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
Leptinotarsa decemlineatae1pest - Outcome
- fit to the count datae0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Iwao’s regressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Taylor’s method provided a better fit to the count data than did Iwao’s regression.”
e1“Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and adults in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Beetle aggregation ranked first and second instars highest, followed by third and fourth instars, adults, then egg masses.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineatae1pest
- Outcome
- degree of aggregatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“First and second instars exhibited the highest degree of aggregation, followed by third and fourth instars, adults, and egg masses, in decreasing magnitude of contagion.”
t0“Tomatoes”
e1“Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and adults in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
CPB spatial distribution was not significantly affected by tillage treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmente0
- Interactor
- CPBe0pest
- Outcome
- Spatial distribution patterns of CPBe0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spatial distribution patterns of CPB were not significantly affected by tillage treatment (conventional-till or no-till) or by insecticide applications.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
CPB spatial distribution was not significantly affected by insecticide applications.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- insecticide applicationse0
- Interactor
- CPBe0pest
- Outcome
- Spatial distribution patterns of CPBe0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spatial distribution patterns of CPB were not significantly affected by tillage treatment (conventional-till or no-till) or by insecticide applications.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fixed precision sequential sampling plans were developed for CPB larvae and adults.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- CPBe0pest
- Outcome
- Fixed-precision-level sequential sampling planse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fixed-precision-level sequential sampling plans, therefore, were developed for CPB third and fourth instars and for adults, based on Taylor’s power law.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Large larval density estimates required more plant samples than adult density estimates.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineatae1pest
- Outcome
- plant samplese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- adultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Because of a greater tendency toward aggregation among third and fourth instars, more plant samples were required to estimate similar mean densities of large larvae than were needed for adults.”
t0“Tomatoes”
e1“Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and adults in tomatoes”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · organism · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
tillage · organism · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.