Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants. The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of three types of compost as resistance inducers in tomato plants against F. oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici and to provide new strategies to control the wilt disease of tomatoes. The results demonstrate that different types and rates of compost resulted in significant decreases in percentages of infection and disease severity, compared with those of the control. Compost 2 rate 2 gave the highest reduction of disease by 73.3%, while compost 3. rate 3 gave the highest of disease severity by 78.4% whereas, treatment with the fungicide Topsin M resulted in the lowest reduction, by 46.6 and 45.4%, respectively. Compost 2 rate 2 proved to be the superior treatment as it increased total phenols by 57.9% relative to the untreated control. Compost 1 rate 2 was the best treatment and increased total chlorophyll and carotenoids (5.8 and 4 mg, respectively) in fresh leaves relative to the control. Different types and rates of compost significantly increased the activity of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) as defense enzymes against pathogen. These results suggest that broad bean straw compost at rate 10 ton/feddan might have contributed to restriction of invasion of F. oxysporium f.sp.lycopersici in tomato plants, since they are safe, low cost and effective against the disease. Key words: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, composts, tomato plants, induced resistance, fungicide, fusarium wilt.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Different types and rates of compost significantly decreased infection percentages and disease severity of Fusarium wilt in tomato relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- different types and rates of composte1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentages of infection and disease severitye1
- Direction
- significant decreasese1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e1“different types and rates of compost resulted in significant decreases in percentages of infection and disease severity, compared with those of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost 2 rate 2 gave the highest reduction of Fusarium wilt disease in tomato, by 73.3%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Compost 2 rate 2e2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- reduction of diseasee2
- Direction
- highest reductione2
- Value
- 73.3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e2“Compost 2 rate 2 gave the highest reduction of disease by 73.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost 3 rate 3 gave the highest disease severity of Fusarium wilt in tomato, by 78.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- compost 3. rate 3e3
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 78.4%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e3“compost 3. rate 3 gave the highest of disease severity by 78.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide Topsin M gave the lowest reduction of Fusarium wilt in tomato, by 46.6 and 45.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- fungicide Topsin Me4
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- reductione4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Value
- 46.6 and 45.4%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e4“treatment with the fungicide Topsin M resulted in the lowest reduction, by 46.6 and 45.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost 2 rate 2 increased total phenols in tomato by 57.9% relative to the untreated control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Compost 2 rate 2e5
- Outcome
- total phenolse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 57.9%e5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e5“Compost 2 rate 2 proved to be the superior treatment as it increased total phenols by 57.9% relative to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost 1 rate 2 increased total chlorophyll and carotenoids in fresh tomato leaves relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- fresh leavese6
- Treatment
- Compost 1 rate 2e6
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll and carotenoidse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 5.8 and 4 mg, respectivelye6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e6“Compost 1 rate 2 was the best treatment and increased total chlorophyll and carotenoids (5.8 and 4 mg, respectively) in fresh leaves relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Different types and rates of compost significantly increased the activity of TAL, POX and PPO defence enzymes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- different types and rates of composte7
- Outcome
- activity of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e7“Different types and rates of compost significantly increased the activity of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) as defense enzymes against pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Different types and rates of compost significantly increased the activity of ALP and ACP enzymes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- different types and rates of composte7
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP)e7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e7“Different types and rates of compost significantly increased the activity of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) as defense enzymes against pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad bean straw compost at 10 ton/feddan may have contributed to restricting invasion of F. oxysporium f.sp.lycopersici in tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- broad bean straw compost at rate 10 ton/feddane1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporium f.sp.lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- restriction of invasion of F. oxysporium f.sp.lycopersicie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp lycopersici is the most serious diseases attacking tomato plants”
e1“broad bean straw compost at rate 10 ton/feddan might have contributed to restriction of invasion of F. oxysporium f.sp.lycopersici in tomato plants”
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