Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a soilborne disease responsible for causing significant yield reductions across soybean-producing states. Recent research indicates that infection of the soybean radicle early in the season by Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), the SDS pathogen, is critical for disease development. This suggests fungicide seed treatments could be effective in limiting early infection possibly resulting in disease control. Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate eight fungicides in multiple seed treatment combinations for effects on Fv infection and SDS development. Seed treatments were applied to cultivars that were moderately resistant and moderately susceptible to SDS. Field studies were conducted at two locations: in 2008, the Valmeyer, IL location was naturally infested with Fv, and in 2008 and 2009 the Urbana, IL location had a natural Fv infestation and soil was augmented with sterilized grain sorghum colonized by Fv. Similarly, the greenhouse study was inoculated with sterilized, Fv infested grain sorghum to evaluate the same seed treatments on moderately resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars. The rolled-paper towel laboratory assay tested the individual fungicides in the growth chamber using a Fv macroconidial suspension to inoculate treated seed and assess effects on seed germination, plant length, lesion size, and disease severity. Fv DNA concentrations in soybean roots were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in early vegetative stage roots. Soybean roots from the field were collected at three timings for digital scanning and analysis with root analysis software to measure root disease symptoms. Roots were scanned and analyzed at the completion of the greenhouse trial. SDS foliar symptoms were rated several times throughout plant growth and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. Harvest data were collected for the field study. In the field, seed treatments had no effect on Fv DNA concentrations in roots. Seed treatments had very little effect on roots analyzed from the field. Most seed treatments did significantly decrease SDS foliar symptoms at the Valmeyer field study compared to the control, but no differences in foliar symptoms were observed for the Urbana field studies. Yield was unaffected by seed treatments. In the greenhouse, Fv DNA concentrations were reduced by a treatment combining mefenoxam + thiophanate-methyl + azoxystrobin + B. pumilus + prothioconazole + fludioxonil compared to the non-treated control; however, the reduction in Fv DNA did not improve root growth or decrease SDS foliar symptoms compared to the non-treated control. The Fv DNA concentrations in roots did not significantly correlate to SDS foliar symptoms in the field; however, a significant positive correlation was found in the greenhouse between Fv DNA and SDS foliar symptoms. Several seed treatments decreased lesion length and disease severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control in the rolled-towel laboratory assay, but the biological seed treatment, B. pumilus, significantly decreased seed germination and plant length while increasing lesion length and SDS severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control. In conclusion, none of the seed treatments evaluated proved to have consistent effects on Fv or SDS.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, seed treatments had no effect on Fv DNA concentrations in soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fv DNA concentrations in rootse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Setting
- In the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“In the field, seed treatments had no effect on Fv DNA concentrations in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments had very little effect on roots analyzed from the field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- roots analyzed from the fielde0
- Direction
- very little effecte0
- Setting
- from the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“Seed treatments had very little effect on roots analyzed from the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Most seed treatments significantly decreased SDS foliar symptoms at the Valmeyer field study compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Most seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- SDS foliar symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
- Setting
- Valmeyer field studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“Most seed treatments did significantly decrease SDS foliar symptoms at the Valmeyer field study compared to the control, but no differences in foliar symptoms were observed for the Urbana field studies”
Claim · model-written summary
No differences in SDS foliar symptoms were observed for seed treatments at the Urbana field studies.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- foliar symptomse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Setting
- Urbana field studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“Most seed treatments did significantly decrease SDS foliar symptoms at the Valmeyer field study compared to the control, but no differences in foliar symptoms were observed for the Urbana field studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments left soybean yield unaffected.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“Yield was unaffected by seed treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, the fungicide and biological seed treatment combination reduced Fv DNA concentrations in soybean roots compared with the non-treated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mefenoxam + thiophanate-methyl + azoxystrobin + B. pumilus + prothioconazole + fludioxonile0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. pumiluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Fv DNA concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the non-treated controle0
- Setting
- In the greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“In the greenhouse, Fv DNA concentrations were reduced by a treatment combining mefenoxam + thiophanate-methyl + azoxystrobin + B. pumilus + prothioconazole + fludioxonil compared to the non-treated control; however, the reduction in Fv DNA did not improve root growth or decrease SDS foliar symptoms compared to the non-treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, the same seed treatment combination did not improve root growth or decrease SDS foliar symptoms relative to the non-treated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mefenoxam + thiophanate-methyl + azoxystrobin + B. pumilus + prothioconazole + fludioxonile0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Outcome
- root growth or decrease SDS foliar symptomse0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- the non-treated controle0
- Setting
- In the greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“In the greenhouse, Fv DNA concentrations were reduced by a treatment combining mefenoxam + thiophanate-methyl + azoxystrobin + B. pumilus + prothioconazole + fludioxonil compared to the non-treated control; however, the reduction in Fv DNA did not improve root growth or decrease SDS foliar symptoms compared to the non-treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv DNA concentrations in field roots did not significantly correlate with SDS foliar symptoms.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Outcome
- SDS foliar symptomse0
- Direction
- did not significantly correlatee0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“The Fv DNA concentrations in roots did not significantly correlate to SDS foliar symptoms in the field; however, a significant positive correlation was found in the greenhouse between Fv DNA and SDS foliar symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv DNA concentrations in greenhouse roots were positively correlated with SDS foliar symptoms.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Fve0pathogen
- Outcome
- SDS foliar symptomse0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
- Setting
- in the greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“The Fv DNA concentrations in roots did not significantly correlate to SDS foliar symptoms in the field; however, a significant positive correlation was found in the greenhouse between Fv DNA and SDS foliar symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Several seed treatments decreased lesion length and disease severity in soybean in the rolled-towel laboratory assay compared with the non-treated inoculated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Several seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- lesion length and disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the non-treated inoculated controle0
- Setting
- rolled-towel laboratory assaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“Several seed treatments decreased lesion length and disease severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control in the rolled-towel laboratory assay”
Claim · model-written summary
The biological seed treatment B. pumilus significantly decreased seed germination and plant length in soybean compared with the non-treated inoculated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- the biological seed treatment, B. pumiluse0
- Interactor
- B. pumiluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seed germination and plant lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the non-treated inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“the biological seed treatment, B. pumilus, significantly decreased seed germination and plant length while increasing lesion length and SDS severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The biological seed treatment B. pumilus increased lesion length and SDS severity in soybean compared with the non-treated inoculated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- the biological seed treatment, B. pumiluse0
- Interactor
- B. pumiluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lesion length and SDS severitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- the non-treated inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of fungicide seed treatments on Fusarium virguliforme and development of sudden death syndrome in soybean”
e0“the biological seed treatment, B. pumilus, significantly decreased seed germination and plant length while increasing lesion length and SDS severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.