Abstract
Indaziflam is a cellulose biosynthesis–inhibiting herbicide for PRE annual weed control in turfgrass systems. Since indaziflam's 2010 U.S. registration, sporadic cases of hybrid bermudagrass injury have been reported; however, causes are not well understood. Field research was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on sandy soil to elucidate the effects of soil organic matter content (SOMC) and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) on plant growth following indaziflam application on established or root-compromised (5 cm long) hybrid bermudagrass. The effect of SOMC was evaluated at two levels, 1.4 (low) and 5.5% (high) w/w at the soil surface (0 to 2.5 cm depth), whereas SVWC was evaluated PRE (2 wk before) and POST (6 wk after) indaziflam application at two levels (low or high). Indaziflam was applied (50 or 100 g ai ha −1 ) at fall-only, fall-plus-spring, and spring-only timings. Regardless of application timing or SVWC, indaziflam applied at 50 g ha −1 to high SOMC did not cause > 10% visual cover reduction on established or root-compromised hybrid bermudagrass. Indaziflam applied to hybrid bermudagrass on low SOMC exacerbated adverse growth effects, most notably when root systems were compromised before application. Overall, PRE indaziflam application SVWC did not affect hybrid bermudagrass growth. Within low SOMC, low POST indaziflam application SVWC caused less visual hybrid bermudagrass cover reduction than did high POST indaziflam application SVWC, whereas both fall-plus-spring and spring-only application timings caused similarly greater reductions than fall-only indaziflam application. Data from this research will aid turfgrass managers to effectively use indaziflam without adversely affecting hybrid bermudagrass growth.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam applied at 50 g ha −1 to high soil organic matter did not cause more than 10% visual cover reduction on established or root-compromised hybrid bermudagrass.
- Taxon
- hybrid bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone1 - Treatment
- indaziflam applied at 50 g ha −1 to high SOMCe1
- Outcome
- visual cover reductione1
- Direction
- did not causee1
- Value
- > 10%e1
- Qualifier
- established or root-compromisede1
- Setting
- Field researche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field research was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on sandy soil”
e1“indaziflam applied at 50 g ha −1 to high SOMC did not cause > 10% visual cover reduction on established or root-compromised hybrid bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam applied on low soil organic matter exacerbated adverse growth effects on hybrid bermudagrass, most notably when root systems were compromised before application.
- Taxon
- hybrid bermudagrassCynodon dactylone2
- Treatment
- low SOMCe2
- Outcome
- adverse growth effectse2
- Direction
- exacerbatede2
- Qualifier
- most notably when root systems were compromised before applicatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Indaziflam applied to hybrid bermudagrass on low SOMC exacerbated adverse growth effects, most notably when root systems were compromised before application”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-application soil volumetric water content did not affect hybrid bermudagrass growth after indaziflam.
- Taxon
- hybrid bermudagrassCynodon dactylone3
- Treatment
- PRE indaziflam application SVWCe3
- Outcome
- hybrid bermudagrass growthe3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“PRE indaziflam application SVWC did not affect hybrid bermudagrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Within low soil organic matter, low post-application soil water content caused less visual cover reduction than high post-application soil water content.
- Taxon
- hybrid bermudagrassCynodon dactylone4
- Treatment
- low POST indaziflam application SVWCe4
- Outcome
- visual hybrid bermudagrass cover reductione4
- Direction
- lesse4
- Qualifier
- Within low SOMCe4
- Comparator
- high POST indaziflam application SVWCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Within low SOMC, low POST indaziflam application SVWC caused less visual hybrid bermudagrass cover reduction than did high POST indaziflam application SVWC”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall-plus-spring and spring-only indaziflam timings caused similarly greater reductions than fall-only application.
- Taxon
- Hybrid BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- fall-plus-spring and spring-only application timingse5
- Outcome
- reductionse5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Qualifier
- similarlye5
- Comparator
- fall-only indaziflam applicatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Bermudagrass Growth Following Indaziflam Applications”
e5“both fall-plus-spring and spring-only application timings caused similarly greater reductions than fall-only indaziflam application”
The same questions in other papers
indaziflam · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →indaziflam · organism · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
organic · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.