Abstract
Abstract Knotroot foxtail has become more prevalent and problematic in pastures and hayfields in the southeastern United States. Gaps exist in our knowledge of which herbicide practices are best for managing this species in bermudagrass forage production. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of various ways to control knotroot foxtail in bermudagrass with herbicide applications in autumn, postemergence (POST), with and without also applying a herbicide in preemergence (PRE), in spring. The study was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement of treatments and included a nontreated control for both fall and spring timings. Glyphosate at two rates (0.35 or 0.7 kg ae ha −1 ), nicosulfuron (0.07 kg ai ha −1 ) + metsulfuron (0.012 kg ai ha −1 ), and hexazinone (1.3 kg ai ha −1 ) were applied alone in the fall or followed by indaziflam (0.067 kg ai ha −1 ) or pendimethalin (4.46 kg ai ha −1 ) in the spring. Three harvests were conducted throughout the growing season to evaluate weed species (knotroot foxtail, large crabgrass, and horsenettle) and bermudagrass biomass as well as overall species composition. The combination of fall and spring treatments did not affect weed species or bermudagrass biomass. Therefore, treatment main effects were analyzed by fall or spring application timing. A spring application of either pendimethalin or indaziflam increased bermudagrass biomass compared with that of the nontreated control. However, neither PRE herbicide effectively reduced knotroot foxtail biomass compared with the nontreated control, although pendimethalin did reduce season-long knotroot foxtail composition. Spring PRE herbicides are an effective tool for forage producers, but further research is needed to identify effective herbicides and additional approaches for the control of knotroot foxtail.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Combining fall and spring treatments did not affect weed species biomass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- combination of fall and spring treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed speciese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of fall and spring treatments did not affect weed species or bermudagrass biomass”
t0“bermudagrass pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining fall and spring treatments did not affect bermudagrass biomass.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- combination of fall and spring treatmentse0
- Outcome
- bermudagrass biomasse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of fall and spring treatments did not affect weed species or bermudagrass biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring pendimethalin increased bermudagrass biomass against the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- bermudagrass biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A spring application of either pendimethalin or indaziflam increased bermudagrass biomass compared with that of the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring indaziflam increased bermudagrass biomass against the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- indaziflame0
- Outcome
- bermudagrass biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A spring application of either pendimethalin or indaziflam increased bermudagrass biomass compared with that of the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither spring PRE herbicide effectively reduced knotroot foxtail biomass relative to control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- PRE herbicidee0
- Interactor
- knotroot foxtail
Setaria parviflorae0weed - Outcome
- knotroot foxtail biomasse0
- Direction
- neither PRE herbicide effectively reducede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither PRE herbicide effectively reduced knotroot foxtail biomass compared with the nontreated control”
t0“bermudagrass pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced season-long knotroot foxtail composition.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Interactor
- knotroot foxtailSetaria parviflorae0weed
- Outcome
- knotroot foxtail compositione0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin did reduce season-long knotroot foxtail composition”
t0“bermudagrass pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded spring PRE herbicides are an effective tool for forage producers.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- Spring PRE herbicides are an effective tool for forage producerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring PRE herbicides are an effective tool for forage producers”
t0“bermudagrass pasture”
The same questions in other papers
indaziflam · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results differ
5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pendimethalin · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.