Abstract
Declining maize (Zea mays L.) yields caused by factors, such as inherently poor soils, continuous cropping of cereal after cereal, high cost and unavailability of chemical fertilizers, continuous crop-residue removal, and soil erosion and run-off, have all contributed to low soil fertility and reduced maize yields in northern Ghana. To address this negative trend, a three-year field trial was conducted at the Manga Agricultural Research Station in the Upper East Region of Ghana, which represents a Sudan Savannah agro-ecology. The treatments comprised 11 available sources of organic and inorganic fertilizers, which are soil fertility management practices used by peasant farmers. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers. Poultry manure and sheep manure were the best among the organic sources evaluated. Whereas most of the fertility management options accrued net benefits of more than $150.00, the goat droppings and town waste had low net benefits of $44.30 and $17.00, respectively, indicating low gains on investment and therefore, not profitable for field application.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave taller plants than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- taller plantse0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave earlier tasseling and silking than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- earlier tasseling and silkinge0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave higher grain yields than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- higher grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave increased straw yields than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- increased straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave plant height than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave stem girth than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- stem girthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave grain size than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- grain sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient-containing inorganic fertilizers gave harvest indices than organic fertilizers in maize.
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrientse0
- Outcome
- harvest indicese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the inorganic fertilizers with micro-nutrients, such as S, Zn, and Mg, (i.e., Actyva and 21:10:10:2 S) produced taller plants, caused earlier tasseling and silking, and produced higher grain yields on account of increased straw yields, plant height, stem girth, grain size, and harvest indices than organic fertilizers.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure and sheep manure ranked best among evaluated organic fertilizer sources for maize.
- Treatment
- Poultry manure and sheep manuree0
- Outcome
- best among the organic sources evaluatede0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry manure and sheep manure were the best among the organic sources evaluated.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
goat droppings returned a low net benefit of $44.30 in maize production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the goat droppings and town waste had low net benefits of $44.30 and $17.00, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
town waste returned a low net benefit of $17.00 in maize production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the goat droppings and town waste had low net benefits of $44.30 and $17.00, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Most fertility management options accrued net benefits over $150.00 in maize production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the fertility management options accrued net benefits of more than $150.00”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider goat droppings and town waste unprofitable for field application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the goat droppings and town waste had low net benefits of $44.30 and $17.00, respectively, indicating low gains on investment and therefore, not profitable for field application”
t0“Maize”
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