Abstract
A field study was conducted during rabi, 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Agricultural Research farm, BHU, Varanasi (U.P.) where five herbicides either as sole, integrated with mechanical weeding (MW) or sequentially applied were evaluated for efficacies of the herbicides on controlling weeds, their influences on yield and production economics on lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) variety HUL 57. Results revealed that, two hand weeding (HW) was the most effective method for weed control next to weed free. At 60 DAS however, lowest density and dry matter accumulation of all weed species were recorded with two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS followed by sequential/continuous application of Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (post-emergence/POE) that remained statistically at par with Pendimethalin+MW in the case of BLWs and grasses and Chlorimuron ethyl+MW in respect of sedges. Maximum weed control efficiency (WCE) was achieved under two HW (83%) followed by Pendimethalin+MW at 45 DAS and continuous application of Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (76% each). However, significantly highest yield (1365 kg ha-1), highest pods plant-1 (66.07), seeds pod-1 (1.94) and nodules plant-1 (8.20) were recorded under Pendimethalin+MW which was comparable and significantly not different from Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr @ 37.5 g a.i. ha-1. Among sole applications, Pendimethalin and Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (pre-mixed) significantly suppressed broadleaved weeds but poorly controlled the sedges and grasses though it was better than control. In the economic factor, Pendimethalin+MW with highest net return and benefit:cost ratio (` 47521 ha-1 and 3.15) and lowest weed index (4.51) was comparatively better than all the treatments including control. This integrated treatment was found as the most profit-oriented and sustainable weed management system in lentil.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings were the most effective weed control method in lentil, next only to the weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris Medikus
Lens culinarist0 - Treatment
- two hand weeding (HW)e0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“two hand weeding (HW) was the most effective method for weed control next to weed free”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control efficiency was maximum, 83%, under two hand weedings in lentil.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- two HWe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency (WCE)e0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Maximum weed control efficiency (WCE) was achieved under two HW (83%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW at 45 DAS gave a weed control efficiency of 76% in lentil, below that of two hand weedings.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MW at 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency (WCE)e0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Comparator
- two HWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Maximum weed control efficiency (WCE) was achieved under two HW (83%) followed by Pendimethalin+MW at 45 DAS and continuous application of Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (76% each)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous application of Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr gave a weed control efficiency of 76% in lentil, below that of two hand weedings.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- continuous application of Pendimethalin+Imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency (WCE)e0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Comparator
- two HWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Maximum weed control efficiency (WCE) was achieved under two HW (83%) followed by Pendimethalin+MW at 45 DAS and continuous application of Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (76% each)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 DAS, two hand weedings at 30 and 45 DAS gave the lowest density and dry matter accumulation of all weed species in lentil.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DASe0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- density and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“lowest density and dry matter accumulation of all weed species were recorded with two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential or continuous Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (POE) application was statistically at par with Pendimethalin+MW for density and dry matter of broadleaved weeds and grasses.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- sequential/continuous application of Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (post-emergence/POE)e0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- density and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Qualifier
- BLWs and grassese0
- Comparator
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“lowest density and dry matter accumulation of all weed species were recorded with two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS followed by sequential/continuous application of Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (post-emergence/POE) that remained statistically at par with Pendimethalin+MW in the case of BLWs and grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
For sedges, sequential or continuous Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (POE) application was statistically at par with Chlorimuron ethyl+MW for weed density and dry matter.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- sequential/continuous application of Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (post-emergence/POE)e0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- density and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Qualifier
- sedgese0
- Comparator
- Chlorimuron ethyl+MWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“lowest density and dry matter accumulation of all weed species were recorded with two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS followed by sequential/continuous application of Pendimethalin (PE) and Imazethapyr (post-emergence/POE) that remained statistically at par with Pendimethalin+MW in the case of BLWs and grasses and Chlorimuron ethyl+MW in respect of sedges”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the significantly highest lentil yield, 1365 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1365 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“significantly highest yield (1365 kg ha-1), highest pods plant-1 (66.07), seeds pod-1 (1.94) and nodules plant-1 (8.20) were recorded under Pendimethalin+MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the highest number of pods per plant, 66.07, in lentil.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- pods plant-1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 66.07e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“significantly highest yield (1365 kg ha-1), highest pods plant-1 (66.07), seeds pod-1 (1.94) and nodules plant-1 (8.20) were recorded under Pendimethalin+MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the highest number of seeds per pod, 1.94, in lentil.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- seeds pod-1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.94e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“significantly highest yield (1365 kg ha-1), highest pods plant-1 (66.07), seeds pod-1 (1.94) and nodules plant-1 (8.20) were recorded under Pendimethalin+MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the highest number of nodules per plant, 8.20, in lentil.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- nodules plant-1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.20e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“significantly highest yield (1365 kg ha-1), highest pods plant-1 (66.07), seeds pod-1 (1.94) and nodules plant-1 (8.20) were recorded under Pendimethalin+MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil yield and yield attributes under Pendimethalin+MW were comparable to and not significantly different from Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr at 37.5 g a.i. ha-1.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr @ 37.5 g a.i. ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“significantly highest yield (1365 kg ha-1), highest pods plant-1 (66.07), seeds pod-1 (1.94) and nodules plant-1 (8.20) were recorded under Pendimethalin+MW which was comparable and significantly not different from Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr @ 37.5 g a.i. ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Among sole applications, Pendimethalin and pre-mixed Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr significantly suppressed broadleaved weeds in lentil.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin and Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (pre-mixed)e0
- Interactor
- broadleaved weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broadleaved weedse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Among sole applications, Pendimethalin and Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (pre-mixed) significantly suppressed broadleaved weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole Pendimethalin and pre-mixed Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr controlled sedges and grasses poorly, though better than the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin and Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (pre-mixed)e0
- Interactor
- sedges and grassese0weed
- Outcome
- sedges and grassese0
- Direction
- poorly controllede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Among sole applications, Pendimethalin and Pendimethalin+Imazethapyr (pre-mixed) significantly suppressed broadleaved weeds but poorly controlled the sedges and grasses though it was better than control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the highest net return in lentil, 47521 ha-1, better than all treatments including the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47521 ha-1e0
- Comparator
- all the treatments including controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Pendimethalin+MW with highest net return and benefit:cost ratio (` 47521 ha-1 and 3.15) and lowest weed index (4.51)”
e1“all the treatments including control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the highest benefit:cost ratio in lentil, 3.15, better than all treatments including the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- benefit:cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.15e0
- Comparator
- all the treatments including controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Pendimethalin+MW with highest net return and benefit:cost ratio (` 47521 ha-1 and 3.15) and lowest weed index (4.51)”
e1“all the treatments including control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin+MW gave the lowest weed index in lentil, 4.51, better than all treatments including the control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikusLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin+MWe0
- Outcome
- weed indexe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 4.51e0
- Comparator
- all the treatments including controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lens culinaris Medikus”
e0“Pendimethalin+MW with highest net return and benefit:cost ratio (` 47521 ha-1 and 3.15) and lowest weed index (4.51)”
e1“all the treatments including control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the integrated Pendimethalin+MW treatment was the most profit-oriented and sustainable weed management system in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- most profit-oriented and sustainable weed management systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This integrated treatment was found as the most profit-oriented and sustainable weed management system in lentil”
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.