Abstract
An experiment was carried out at two locations, CCS HAU, Hisar and farmer’s field in Kheri Batter, Bhiwani to study the efficacy and phytotoxicity of different herbicides/combinations in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) during kharif 2013 and their carryover effect on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Coss.] crop in rabi season (2013-14). PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS, but at 60 DAS, due to the emergence of new flush of weeds, weed control was reduced to 65/45, 83/80 and 87/87% with the above treatments, respectively at both the locations. Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g and 500+50 g/ha) not only provided satisfactory weed control up to 60 DAS but also exhibited no phytotoxic effect on cluster bean. At 60 DAS, highest weed control (88 and 87%) was recorded with imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha 3 fb 6 WAS, respectively at Hisar and Kheri Battar locations which was at par with pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM), imazethapyr + imazamox (Odyssey) 70 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, 75 and 50 g of imazethapyr fb propaquizafop 3 fb 6 WAS at Kheri Battar, but the efficacy of Odyssey and imazethapyr 50 and 75 g fb propaquifzafop was lower under Hisar conditions due to heavy infestation of Trianthema portulacastrum. POE herbicides, except propaquizafop and pendimethalin showed crop phytotoxicity and growth suppression soon after application at higher rates, though plants recovered after 2 weeks and no injury was observed at later stages. Minimum weed dry weight, highest yield attributes and seed yield with maximum net return and B-C ratio was obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, and pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM), but both were statistically similar to each other and to pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) 1.0 kg/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 70 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha as POE at Kheri Batter location, but at Hisar location only pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM) provided maximum net return and B-C ratio. There was no carry over effect of different herbicides used in cluster bean on succeeding mustard crop, probably due to herbicide detoxification through microbial degradation mediated by high temperature and moisture and possibly by leaching of herbicides because of 594.3 and 500.5 mm of rainfall in the crop growing season at both the locations, respectively.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha gave 93/83% weed control at Hisar/Kheri Battar up to 30 DAS in cluster bean.
- Taxon
- cluster bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Treatment
- PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of weedse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 93/83e0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 DASe0
- Setting
- Hisar/Kheri Battar locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) at 1.0 kg/ha gave 98/90% weed control at Hisar/Kheri Battar up to 30 DAS in cluster bean.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of weedse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 98/90e0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 DASe0
- Setting
- Hisar/Kheri Battar locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 500 g + 50 g/ha gave 100/93% weed control at Hisar/Kheri Battar up to 30 DAS in cluster bean.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of weedse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 100/93e0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 DASe0
- Setting
- Hisar/Kheri Battar locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control by pre-emergence pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha was reduced to 65/45% at 60 DAS at Hisar/Kheri Battar owing to a new flush of weeds.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 65/45e1
- Qualifier
- 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS”
e1“but at 60 DAS, due to the emergence of new flush of weeds, weed control was reduced to 65/45, 83/80 and 87/87% with the above treatments, respectively at both the locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control by the pendimethalin + imazethapyr ready mix was reduced to 83/80% at 60 DAS owing to a new flush of weeds.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 83/80e1
- Qualifier
- 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS”
e1“but at 60 DAS, due to the emergence of new flush of weeds, weed control was reduced to 65/45, 83/80 and 87/87% with the above treatments, respectively at both the locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control by the pendimethalin + imazethapyr tank mix was reduced to 87/87% at 60 DAS owing to a new flush of weeds.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 87/87e1
- Qualifier
- 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS”
e1“but at 60 DAS, due to the emergence of new flush of weeds, weed control was reduced to 65/45, 83/80 and 87/87% with the above treatments, respectively at both the locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr provided satisfactory weed control in cluster bean up to 60 DAS.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g and 500+50 g/ha)e0
- Outcome
- satisfactory weed controle0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Qualifier
- up to 60 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g and 500+50 g/ha) not only provided satisfactory weed control up to 60 DAS but also exhibited no phytotoxic effect on cluster bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr exhibited no phytotoxic effect on cluster bean.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g and 500+50 g/ha)e0
- Outcome
- no phytotoxic effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g and 500+50 g/ha) not only provided satisfactory weed control up to 60 DAS but also exhibited no phytotoxic effect on cluster bean”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 DAS, the highest weed control (88 and 87%) was recorded with imazethapyr 100 g/ha followed by propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha at Hisar and Kheri Battar, respectively.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha 3 fb 6 WASe0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 88 and 87%e0
- Setting
- Hisar and Kheri Battar locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“At 60 DAS, highest weed control (88 and 87%) was recorded with imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha 3 fb 6 WAS, respectively at Hisar and Kheri Battar locations”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficacy of Odyssey and of imazethapyr 50 and 75 g followed by propaquizafop was lower under Hisar conditions because of heavy infestation of Trianthema portulacastrum.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Odyssey and imazethapyr 50 and 75 g fb propaquifzafope0
- Interactor
- Trianthema portulacastrum
Trianthema portulacastrume0weed - Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- Hisar conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“the efficacy of Odyssey and imazethapyr 50 and 75 g fb propaquifzafop was lower under Hisar conditions due to heavy infestation of Trianthema portulacastrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence herbicides other than propaquizafop and pendimethalin showed crop phytotoxicity in cluster bean soon after application at higher rates.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- POE herbicides, except propaquizafop and pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- crop phytotoxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“POE herbicides, except propaquizafop and pendimethalin showed crop phytotoxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence herbicides other than propaquizafop and pendimethalin caused growth suppression in cluster bean soon after application at higher rates.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- POE herbicides, except propaquizafop and pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- higher ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“POE herbicides, except propaquizafop and pendimethalin showed crop phytotoxicity and growth suppression soon after application at higher rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster bean plants recovered after 2 weeks and no injury was observed at later stages.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Outcome
- plants recoverede0
- Qualifier
- no injury was observed at later stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“plants recovered after 2 weeks and no injury was observed at later stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum weed dry weight was obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha followed by propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha and under pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM).
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/hae0
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Qualifier
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“Minimum weed dry weight, highest yield attributes and seed yield with maximum net return and B-C ratio was obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, and pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield attributes and seed yield of cluster bean were obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha followed by propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha and under pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM).
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/hae0
- Outcome
- yield attributes and seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“Minimum weed dry weight, highest yield attributes and seed yield with maximum net return and B-C ratio was obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, and pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum net return and B-C ratio were obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha followed by propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha and under pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM).
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/hae0
- Outcome
- net return and B-C ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“Minimum weed dry weight, highest yield attributes and seed yield with maximum net return and B-C ratio was obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, and pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM)”
Claim · model-written summary
At Hisar, only pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM) provided the maximum net return and B-C ratio.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM)e0
- Outcome
- net return and B-C ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Setting
- Hisar locatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cluster bean”
e0“at Hisar location only pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM) provided maximum net return and B-C ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no carry-over effect of the herbicides used in cluster bean on the succeeding mustard crop.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“There was no carry over effect of different herbicides used in cluster bean on succeeding mustard crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The absence of carry-over is probably due to herbicide detoxification through microbial degradation mediated by high temperature and moisture and possibly leaching under 594.3 and 500.5 mm of rainfall.
Verbatim
e0“There was no carry over effect of different herbicides used in cluster bean on succeeding mustard crop”
e1“probably due to herbicide detoxification through microbial degradation mediated by high temperature and moisture and possibly by leaching of herbicides because of 594.3 and 500.5 mm of rainfall in the crop growing season at both the locations”
The same questions in other papers
propaquizafop · growth · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
pendimethalin · yield · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Imazethapyr · weed · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →pendimethalin · crop injury · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
propaquizafop · weed · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Imazethapyr · Trianthema portulacastrum · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Imazethapyr · crop injury · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
propaquizafop · yield · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.