Abstract
Sprays of calcium materials were applied at high volume rates (620 g Ca/400 liters) with a handgun during early June, late June, and mid-July versus mid-July, early August, and late August for five years, 1985 to 1989. Leaf injury was most severe for the late sprays but no spray injury was observed on the fruit surfaces. Bitter pit was markedly reduced with all sprays except CaSO 4 . In some years, bitter pit was controlled better with the early sprays. Either early or late sprays improved fruit quality including overall appearance, reduced scald development, improved red color of the skin, increased fruit firmness and reduced incidence of bitter pit in cold air (0°C) storage. Soluble solids and acidity in the fruit was not affected by calcium sprays. Leaf Ca was higher from the late spray applications than from the earlier applications. All calcium chloride spray materials resulted in increased fruit peel and cortex Ca. Calcium nitrate sprays tended to increase fruit nitrogen concentrations leading to undesirable higher N:Ca ratios in the fruit.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays markedly reduced bitter pit, except CaSO4.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- Sprays of calcium materialse0
- Outcome
- Bitter pite2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- with all sprays except CaSO 4e2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e0“Sprays of calcium materials were applied at high volume rates (620 g Ca/400 liters) with a handgun during early June, late June, and mid-July versus mid-July, early August, and late August for five years, 1985 to 1989”
e2“Bitter pit was markedly reduced with all sprays except CaSO 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Late calcium sprays caused the most leaf injury.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e1“Leaf injury was most severe for the late sprays but no spray injury was observed on the fruit surfaces”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays caused no spray injury on the fruit surfaces.
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e1“Leaf injury was most severe for the late sprays but no spray injury was observed on the fruit surfaces”
Claim · model-written summary
Early calcium sprays controlled bitter pit better in some years.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e3“In some years, bitter pit was controlled better with the early sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
Either early or late calcium sprays improved overall fruit appearance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e4“Either early or late sprays improved fruit quality including overall appearance, reduced scald development, improved red color of the skin, increased fruit firmness and reduced incidence of bitter pit in cold air (0°C) storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Either early or late calcium sprays improved fruit red skin colour.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- Either early or late sprayse4
- Outcome
- red color of the skine4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e4“Either early or late sprays improved fruit quality including overall appearance, reduced scald development, improved red color of the skin, increased fruit firmness and reduced incidence of bitter pit in cold air (0°C) storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Either early or late calcium sprays reduced scald development.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e4“Either early or late sprays improved fruit quality including overall appearance, reduced scald development, improved red color of the skin, increased fruit firmness and reduced incidence of bitter pit in cold air (0°C) storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Either early or late calcium sprays increased fruit firmness.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e4“Either early or late sprays improved fruit quality including overall appearance, reduced scald development, improved red color of the skin, increased fruit firmness and reduced incidence of bitter pit in cold air (0°C) storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Either early or late calcium sprays reduced bitter pit incidence in cold storage.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- Either early or late sprayse4
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- in cold air (0°C) storagee4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e4“Either early or late sprays improved fruit quality including overall appearance, reduced scald development, improved red color of the skin, increased fruit firmness and reduced incidence of bitter pit in cold air (0°C) storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble solids and acidity in the fruit were not affected by calcium sprays.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- calcium sprayse5
- Outcome
- Soluble solids and aciditye5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e5“Soluble solids and acidity in the fruit was not affected by calcium sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf calcium was higher from late spray applications than from earlier applications.
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e6“Leaf Ca was higher from the late spray applications than from the earlier applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride spray materials increased fruit peel and cortex calcium.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- calcium chloride spray materialse7
- Outcome
- fruit peel and cortex Cae7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e7“All calcium chloride spray materials resulted in increased fruit peel and cortex Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate sprays tended to increase fruit nitrogen concentrations.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- Calcium nitrate sprayse5
- Outcome
- fruit nitrogen concentrationse5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- tended toe5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e5“Calcium nitrate sprays tended to increase fruit nitrogen concentrations leading to undesirable higher N:Ca ratios in the fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate sprays led to undesirable higher fruit N:Ca ratios.
- Taxon
- APPLESt0
- Treatment
- Calcium nitrate sprayse5
- Outcome
- N:Ca ratiose5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- undesirablee5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“`DELICIOUS' APPLES”
e5“Calcium nitrate sprays tended to increase fruit nitrogen concentrations leading to undesirable higher N:Ca ratios in the fruit”
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See all 107 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.