Abstract
Studies on farmer-participatory IPM technology in irrigated high-yielding cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties were carried out for four consecutive years (2001–2004) in two irrigated regions of northern India covering 25 villages in Kahnewal (Punjab) and in 23 villages in Hizrawan Kalan area (Haryana). Both locations are situated in second agro-ecological region of India. During the experimental years, incidence of the insect pests was found to be 69.0 and 74.8% lower in IPM, compared to non-IPM fields in the above locattons, respectively. Jassids and whiteflies populations was found to be 39.3 and 39.6% more in non-PM fields, respectively. The number of amerrcan bbllworm (Helicoverpa armigera) eggs and larvae were elso found to be higher (57.8 and 59.7% more) and 71.9% higher bollworm-incidence in non-IPM fields. Installation technique and number of pheromone traps per hectare was found significantly effective. Overall moth catches were around 60% more in IPM fields at both the experimental locations. Natural enemies of the cotton pests were 33.4% more in IPM than non-IPM fields. The IPM farmers applled 36.3% less insecticide sprays and obtained 16.09 q ha−1 crop yields as compared to 9.85 q ha−1 yield by non-IPM farmers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
IPM lowered pest incidence by 69.0% in the first region.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- IPMe0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- incidence of the insect pestse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 69.0e0
- Comparator
- non-IPM fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“During the experimental years, incidence of the insect pests was found to be 69.0 and 74.8% lower in IPM, compared to non-IPM fields in the above locattons, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM lowered pest incidence by 74.8% in the second region.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- IPMe0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- incidence of the insect pestse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 74.8%e0
- Comparator
- non-IPM fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“During the experimental years, incidence of the insect pests was found to be 69.0 and 74.8% lower in IPM, compared to non-IPM fields in the above locattons, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Jassid populations were 39.3% higher in non-IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- non-PMe0
- Interactor
- Jassidse0pest
- Outcome
- Jassids and whiteflies populationse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 39.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Jassids and whiteflies populations was found to be 39.3 and 39.6% more in non-PM fields, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly populations were 39.6% higher in non-IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- non-PMe0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- whiteflies populationse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 39.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Jassids and whiteflies populations was found to be 39.3 and 39.6% more in non-PM fields, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm eggs were 57.8% higher in non-IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- non-IPMe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- Helicoverpa armigera) eggse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 57.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The number of amerrcan bbllworm (Helicoverpa armigera) eggs and larvae were elso found to be higher (57.8 and 59.7% more) and 71.9% higher bollworm-incidence in non-IPM fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm larvae were 59.7% higher in non-IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- non-IPMe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- larvaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 59.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The number of amerrcan bbllworm (Helicoverpa armigera) eggs and larvae were elso found to be higher (57.8 and 59.7% more) and 71.9% higher bollworm-incidence in non-IPM fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm incidence was 71.9% higher in non-IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- non-IPMe0
- Interactor
- bollworm
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae0pest - Outcome
- bollworm-incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 71.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The number of amerrcan bbllworm (Helicoverpa armigera) eggs and larvae were elso found to be higher (57.8 and 59.7% more) and 71.9% higher bollworm-incidence in non-IPM fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pheromone trap installation and number were significantly effective.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- significantly effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Installation technique and number of pheromone traps per hectare was found significantly effective.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moth catches were around 60% higher in IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- IPMe0
- Interactor
- mothe0pest
- Outcome
- moth catchese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- around 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Overall moth catches were around 60% more in IPM fields at both the experimental locations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemies were 33.4% more numerous in IPM fields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- IPMe0
- Interactor
- cotton pestse0pest
- Outcome
- Natural enemies of the cotton pestse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 33.4%e0
- Comparator
- non-IPM fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Natural enemies of the cotton pests were 33.4% more in IPM than non-IPM fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM farmers applied 36.3% fewer insecticide sprays.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- IPMe0
- Outcome
- insecticide sprayse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 36.3%e0
- Comparator
- non-IPM farmerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The IPM farmers applled 36.3% less insecticide sprays and obtained 16.09 q ha−1 crop yields as compared to 9.85 q ha−1 yield by non-IPM farmers.”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM yield was 16.09 q ha−1 versus 9.85 q ha−1 for non-IPM.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- IPMe0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- obtainede0
- Value
- 16.09 q ha−1e0
- Comparator
- non-IPM farmerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The IPM farmers applled 36.3% less insecticide sprays and obtained 16.09 q ha−1 crop yields as compared to 9.85 q ha−1 yield by non-IPM farmers.”
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