Abstract
A field investigation was carried out during the winter season of 201112 and 201213 at Karnal, to evaluate the effect of different grass and broad-leaf herbicides as sole and their tankmix application on weed control in wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.]. Sole application of pinoxaden both at 50 and 75 g/ha and clodinafop (60 g/ha) were found to be effective only on grasses, whereas both carfentrazone (20 g/ha) and metsulfuron (4 g/ha) showed selectivity towards broad-leaf weeds. Sole application of pinoxaden, clodinafop, carfentrazone and metsulfuron recorded lower weed-control efficiency and higher weed index compared to tankmix application of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron. Both metsulfuron and carfentrazone were compatible with pinoxaden and clodinafop and there was no adverse effect on the efficacy of both the herbicides. Significantly the highest grain yield of 5.16 and 5.00 t/ha was recorded with tankmix pinoxaden + carfentrazone (50 + 20 g/ha) and clodinafop + carfentrazone (60 + 20 g/ha), which was at par with weed-free treatment. There was an increase of 13.6,16.7 and 21.1% in grain yield with pinoxaden + carfentrazone compared to sole application of clodinafop (60 g/ha), pinoxaden, (50 g/ha) and carfentrazone (20 g/ ha) respectively. Uncontrolled weeds caused an average reduction of 36.8% in wheat grain yield. Maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio (29.2 103 /ha and 0.90) were recorded with pinoxaden + carfentrazone followed by clodinafop + carfentrazone (27.8 103 /ha, 0.85), respectively.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden at 50 and 75 g/ha controlled grasses only.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- pinoxaden both at 50 and 75 g/hae0
- Interactor
- grassese0
- Outcome
- effective only on grassese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sole application of pinoxaden both at 50 and 75 g/ha and clodinafop (60 g/ha) were found to be effective only on grasses”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop at 60 g/ha controlled grasses only.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop (60 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- grassese0
- Outcome
- effective only on grassese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sole application of pinoxaden both at 50 and 75 g/ha and clodinafop (60 g/ha) were found to be effective only on grasses”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone at 20 g/ha was selective against broad-leaf weeds.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- carfentrazone (20 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- broad-leaf weedse0
- Outcome
- selectivity towards broad-leaf weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both carfentrazone (20 g/ha) and metsulfuron (4 g/ha) showed selectivity towards broad-leaf weeds.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron at 4 g/ha was selective against broad-leaf weeds.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metsulfuron (4 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- broad-leaf weedse0
- Outcome
- selectivity towards broad-leaf weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both carfentrazone (20 g/ha) and metsulfuron (4 g/ha) showed selectivity towards broad-leaf weeds.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole herbicides had lower weed-control efficiency than tank mixes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sole application of pinoxaden, clodinafop, carfentrazone and metsulfurone0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- tankmix application of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sole application of pinoxaden, clodinafop, carfentrazone and metsulfuron recorded lower weed-control efficiency and higher weed index compared to tankmix application of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole herbicides had a higher weed index than tank mixes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sole application of pinoxaden, clodinafop, carfentrazone and metsulfurone0
- Outcome
- weed indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- tankmix application of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sole application of pinoxaden, clodinafop, carfentrazone and metsulfuron recorded lower weed-control efficiency and higher weed index compared to tankmix application of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron and carfentrazone were compatible with pinoxaden and clodinafop without adverse efficacy effects.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- no adverse effect on the efficacy of both the herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both metsulfuron and carfentrazone were compatible with pinoxaden and clodinafop and there was no adverse effect on the efficacy of both the herbicides.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus carfentrazone produced 5.16 t/ha grain yield, at par with weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + carfentrazone (50 + 20 g/ha)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.16e0
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly the highest grain yield of 5.16 and 5.00 t/ha was recorded with tankmix pinoxaden + carfentrazone (50 + 20 g/ha) and clodinafop + carfentrazone (60 + 20 g/ha), which was at par with weed-free treatment.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop plus carfentrazone produced 5.00 t/ha grain yield, at par with weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + carfentrazone (60 + 20 g/ha)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.00 t/hae0
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly the highest grain yield of 5.16 and 5.00 t/ha was recorded with tankmix pinoxaden + carfentrazone (50 + 20 g/ha) and clodinafop + carfentrazone (60 + 20 g/ha), which was at par with weed-free treatment.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus carfentrazone increased grain yield by 13.6% over sole clodinafop.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.6e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop (60 g/ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase of 13.6,16.7 and 21.1% in grain yield with pinoxaden + carfentrazone compared to sole application of clodinafop (60 g/ha), pinoxaden, (50 g/ha) and carfentrazone (20 g/ ha) respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus carfentrazone increased grain yield by 16.7% over sole pinoxaden.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16.7e0
- Comparator
- pinoxaden, (50 g/ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase of 13.6,16.7 and 21.1% in grain yield with pinoxaden + carfentrazone compared to sole application of clodinafop (60 g/ha), pinoxaden, (50 g/ha) and carfentrazone (20 g/ ha) respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus carfentrazone increased grain yield by 21.1% over sole carfentrazone.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21.1%e0
- Comparator
- carfentrazone (20 g/ ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase of 13.6,16.7 and 21.1% in grain yield with pinoxaden + carfentrazone compared to sole application of clodinafop (60 g/ha), pinoxaden, (50 g/ha) and carfentrazone (20 g/ ha) respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncontrolled weeds reduced wheat grain yield by an average of 36.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Uncontrolled weedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 36.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uncontrolled weeds caused an average reduction of 36.8% in wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus carfentrazone had maximum net returns of 29.2 103 /ha.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 29.2 103 /hae0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + carfentrazonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio (29.2 103 /ha and 0.90) were recorded with pinoxaden + carfentrazone followed by clodinafop + carfentrazone (27.8 103 /ha, 0.85), respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus carfentrazone had maximum benefit cost ratio of 0.90.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 0.90e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + carfentrazonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio (29.2 103 /ha and 0.90) were recorded with pinoxaden + carfentrazone followed by clodinafop + carfentrazone (27.8 103 /ha, 0.85), respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop plus carfentrazone had net returns of 27.8 103 /ha.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Value
- 27.8 103 /hae0
- Comparator
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio (29.2 103 /ha and 0.90) were recorded with pinoxaden + carfentrazone followed by clodinafop + carfentrazone (27.8 103 /ha, 0.85), respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop plus carfentrazone had benefit cost ratio of 0.85.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Value
- 0.85e0
- Comparator
- pinoxaden + carfentrazonee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio (29.2 103 /ha and 0.90) were recorded with pinoxaden + carfentrazone followed by clodinafop + carfentrazone (27.8 103 /ha, 0.85), respectively.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
The same questions in other papers
pinoxaden · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →metsulfuron methyl · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
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See all 5 papers →carfentrazone · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- positive
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See all 25 papers →carfentrazone · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
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See all 26 papers →clodinafop · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
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See all 60 papers →clodinafop · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction
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See all 61 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.