Abstract
Wild oat has two seeds in a spikelet that they have different physiological behavior in regard of seed germiantion. The upper seed of spikelet is smaller and has deeper dormancy than the lower seed. The range of temperature for germination is 5˚C to 25 ˚C and optimal temperature is 15˚C. Both kinds of seeds showed the more germination rate in low temperatures so that 5 and 10˚C are better for germination than that of 20 and 25˚C.Germination was late and slow in 5˚C. This study reveled that alternative temperatures (15:5˚C) was the optimal condition for seed germination. After one and two months, chilling caused 63.5% and 97% germination rate in the lower seeds respectively. Also it caused 11.5% and 92% germination rate for upper seeds. The results showed that chilling for two months was necessary for seed dormancy breaking.Nitrate ions caused 32.75% germination rate in upper seeds and 57.25% germination rate in lower seeds as compared with those of to controls which were 11.5% and 13.75% respectively.GA3 was more effective factor in germination as compared with that of Nitrate ion and cytokinin.Soil stiring caused more germination in burried seeds in different depths of soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Upper spikelet seeds were smaller and more dormant than lower seeds.
Verbatim
e0“The upper seed of spikelet is smaller and has deeper dormancy than the lower seed”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The germination temperature range was 5˚C to 25 ˚C.
Verbatim
e0“The range of temperature for germination is 5˚C to 25 ˚C and optimal temperature is 15˚C”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal germination temperature was 15˚C.
Verbatim
e0“optimal temperature is 15˚C”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Both seed types germinated more at 5 and 10˚C than at 20 and 25˚C.
Verbatim
e0“Both kinds of seeds showed the more germination rate in low temperatures so that 5 and 10˚C are better for germination than that of 20 and 25˚C”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination at 5˚C was late and slow.
Verbatim
e0“Germination was late and slow in 5˚C”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternating 15:5˚C was optimal for germination.
Verbatim
e0“alternative temperatures (15:5˚C) was the optimal condition for seed germination”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
One month of chilling yielded 63.5% lower-seed germination.
- Taxon
- Wild oate1
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- germination rate in the lower seedse0
- Value
- 63.5%e0
- Qualifier
- one and two monthse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“After one and two months, chilling caused 63.5% and 97% germination rate in the lower seeds respectively”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two months of chilling yielded 97% lower-seed germination.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“After one and two months, chilling caused 63.5% and 97% germination rate in the lower seeds respectively”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
One month of chilling yielded 11.5% upper-seed germination.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Also it caused 11.5% and 92% germination rate for upper seeds”
e1“Wild oat”
e2“chilling caused”
Claim · model-written summary
Two months of chilling yielded 92% upper-seed germination.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Also it caused 11.5% and 92% germination rate for upper seeds”
e1“Wild oat”
e2“chilling caused”
Claim · model-written summary
Two months of chilling were necessary to break seed dormancy.
Verbatim
e0“chilling for two months was necessary for seed dormancy breaking”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate treatment gave 32.75% upper-seed germination versus 11.5% in controls.
- Taxon
- Wild oate1
- Treatment
- Nitrate ionse0
- Outcome
- germination rate in upper seedse0
- Value
- 32.75%e0
- Qualifier
- 11.5%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate ions caused 32.75% germination rate in upper seeds and 57.25% germination rate in lower seeds as compared with those of to controls which were 11.5% and 13.75% respectively”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate treatment gave 57.25% lower-seed germination versus 13.75% in controls.
- Taxon
- Wild oate1
- Treatment
- Nitrate ionse0
- Outcome
- germination rate in lower seedse0
- Value
- 57.25%e0
- Qualifier
- 13.75%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate ions caused 32.75% germination rate in upper seeds and 57.25% germination rate in lower seeds as compared with those of to controls which were 11.5% and 13.75% respectively”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 was more effective for germination than nitrate and cytokinin.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 was more effective factor in germination as compared with that of Nitrate ion and cytokinin”
e1“Wild oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil stirring increased germination of buried seeds at different depths.
- Taxon
- Wild oate1
- Treatment
- Soil stiringe0
- Outcome
- germination in burried seedse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- different depths of soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil stiring caused more germination in burried seeds in different depths of soil”
e1“Wild oat”
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