Abstract
In order to develop an environmentally friendly seaweed extract treatment which will benefit both pre- and post-harvest qualities of vegetables, the effects of pre-harvest application of the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum extracts on the nutritional quality and post-harvest storability of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was investigated. Plants treated with A. nodosum extracts accumulated higher concentrations of iron, potassium, total soluble protein, and total phenolics as compared to untreated controls. 1H NMR and LC-MS analysis revealed a roughly 50% enhanced accumulation of the 9 flavonoids identified, which is partially confirmed by the elevated chalcone isomerase activity. A. nodosum extract treatment caused an increase in transcription of the genes related to plant growth, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidative activities. Post-harvest analysis revealed that A. nodosum extract treatment caused an enhanced storability of spinach leaves in terms of visual quality, weight loss, and senescence. Lipid peroxidation and ascorbate content were correlated with visual quality during storage. Animal experiments using the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model revealed that spinach extracts prolonged the life span of C. elegans, and A. nodosum extract-enhanced polyphenols exerted improved beneficial effects in C. elegans against oxidative and heat stresses. Taken together, the results suggest that A. nodosum extracts enhance both pre- and post-harvest quality of spinach through stimulation of flavonoid pathways, thus leading to accumulation of flavonoids and promotion of anti-radical capacity in spinach leaves, which may protect the plant tissue against reactive oxygen species and subsequent decay. Furthermore, the increased flavonoid content in spinach exerted beneficial effects in C. elegans against oxidative and heat stresses via different mechanisms.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Extract-treated spinach accumulated more iron, potassium, protein and phenolics than controls.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- A. nodosum extractse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of iron, potassium, total soluble protein, and total phenolicse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with A. nodosum extracts accumulated higher concentrations of iron, potassium, total soluble protein, and total phenolics as compared to untreated controls.”
t0“Spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The nine identified flavonoids accumulated roughly 50% more after extract treatment.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- A. nodosum extractse1
- Outcome
- accumulation of the 9 flavonoids identifiede0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a roughly 50% enhanced accumulation of the 9 flavonoids identified”
e1“Plants treated with A. nodosum extracts”
t0“Spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Chalcone isomerase activity was elevated.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Gene
- chalcone isomerasee0
- Outcome
- chalcone isomerase activitye0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated chalcone isomerase activity”
t0“Spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treatment increased transcription of growth, osmolyte and antioxidative genes.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- A. nodosum extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- transcription of the genes related to plant growth, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidative activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. nodosum extract treatment caused an increase in transcription of the genes related to plant growth, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidative activities.”
t0“Spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treatment improved spinach leaf storability by visual quality, weight loss and senescence.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- A. nodosum extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- storability of spinach leaves in terms of visual quality, weight loss, and senescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. nodosum extract treatment caused an enhanced storability of spinach leaves in terms of visual quality, weight loss, and senescence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation and ascorbate content correlated with visual quality in storage.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Compound
- ascorbatee0
- Outcome
- visual qualitye0
- Qualifier
- during storagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lipid peroxidation and ascorbate content were correlated with visual quality during storage.”
t0“Spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest flavonoid-pathway stimulation explains improved spinach quality.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- pre- and post-harvest quality of spinache0
- Qualifier
- stimulation of flavonoid pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. nodosum extracts enhance both pre- and post-harvest quality of spinach through stimulation of flavonoid pathways, thus leading to accumulation of flavonoids and promotion of anti-radical capacity in spinach leaves”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.