Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of long-term cadmium (Cd) exposure (0, 25, or 50 µ m of Cd) on crop productivity, fruit quality, leaf chlorophyll content, fluorescence, and mineral composition in plants of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram), either nongrafted, self-grafted, or grafted onto rootstocks of tomato (Maxifort or Unifort) and eggplant (Black Beauty). Both moderate (25 µ m ) and high (50 µ m ) concentration of Cd in root environment considerably decreased the fruit yield and fruit number in response to Cd levels, whereas mean fruit weight decreased but was similar to both Cd supply levels. The fruit yield, shoot and root biomass, and leaf area (LA) were higher in plants grafted onto tomato rootstocks and especially onto Maxifort in comparison with nongrafted or self-grafted plants and especially grafted onto Black Beauty. The higher plant performance of tomato rootstock–grafted plants were related to higher chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves associated with better nutrient translocation and availability (higher Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu) in leaves. The content of Cd was also lower in leaves and fruits of Maxifort-grafted plants. Concerning fruit quality, especially peel color, toxicity symptoms, and Cd concentration, Black Beauty followed by Maxifort-grafted plants were better than the other grafting combinations. However, plants grafted onto Black Beauty rootstock resulted in lowest fruit yield and plant growth attributes due to lower nutrient uptake and translocation indicating some incompatibility reaction between Black Beauty rootstock and Ikram scion.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate and high Cd in the root environment decreased tomato fruit yield and fruit number.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Ikrame0
- Treatment
- concentration of Cd in root environmente2
- Outcome
- fruit yield and fruit numbere2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- moderate (25 µ m ) and high (50 µ m )e2
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted”
e2“Both moderate (25 µ m ) and high (50 µ m ) concentration of Cd in root environment considerably decreased the fruit yield and fruit number”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean tomato fruit weight decreased similarly at both Cd supply levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Cd supply levelse3
- Outcome
- mean fruit weighte3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- similar to both Cd supply levelse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e3“whereas mean fruit weight decreased but was similar to both Cd supply levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato rootstock grafting increased fruit yield, shoot and root biomass and leaf area compared with nongrafted or self-grafted plants, especially on Maxifort.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Maxiforte4
- Treatment
- grafted onto tomato rootstockse4
- Outcome
- fruit yield, shoot and root biomass, and leaf areae4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- nongrafted or self-grafted plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e4“The fruit yield, shoot and root biomass, and leaf area (LA) were higher in plants grafted onto tomato rootstocks and especially onto Maxifort in comparison with nongrafted or self-grafted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato rootstock-grafted plants had higher chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic pigment concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomato rootstock–grafted plantse5
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leavese5
- Direction
- highere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e5“The higher plant performance of tomato rootstock–grafted plants were related to higher chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher plant performance of tomato rootstock-grafted plants is related to better nutrient translocation and availability.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomato rootstock–grafted plantse5
- Outcome
- plant performancee5
- Qualifier
- better nutrient translocation and availabilitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e5“The higher plant performance of tomato rootstock–grafted plants were related to higher chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves”
e6“associated with better nutrient translocation and availability (higher Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu) in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Ca, Mg and Fe were higher in tomato rootstock-grafted plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomato rootstock–grafted plantse5
- Outcome
- Ca, Mg, Fee6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e5“The higher plant performance of tomato rootstock–grafted plants were related to higher chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves”
e6“associated with better nutrient translocation and availability (higher Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu) in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Mn and Cu were higher in tomato rootstock-grafted plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomato rootstock–grafted plantse5
- Outcome
- Mn, and Cue6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e5“The higher plant performance of tomato rootstock–grafted plants were related to higher chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves”
e6“associated with better nutrient translocation and availability (higher Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu) in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd content in leaves and fruits was lower in Maxifort-grafted tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and fruitse7
- Treatment
- Maxifort-grafted plantse7
- Outcome
- content of Cde7
- Direction
- lowere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e7“The content of Cd was also lower in leaves and fruits of Maxifort-grafted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Black Beauty followed by Maxifort-grafted plants gave better fruit quality (peel color, toxicity symptoms and Cd concentration) than other grafting combinations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Black Beautye1
- Treatment
- grafting combinationse1
- Outcome
- peel color, toxicity symptoms, and Cd concentratione1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- the other grafting combinationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e1“Concerning fruit quality, especially peel color, toxicity symptoms, and Cd concentration, Black Beauty followed by Maxifort-grafted plants were better than the other grafting combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting onto Black Beauty rootstock gave the lowest fruit yield and plant growth, due to lower nutrient uptake and translocation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Black Beautye1
- Treatment
- grafted onto Black Beauty rootstocke1
- Outcome
- fruit yield and plant growth attributese1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Qualifier
- due to lower nutrient uptake and translocatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e1“plants grafted onto Black Beauty rootstock resulted in lowest fruit yield and plant growth attributes due to lower nutrient uptake and translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
The Black Beauty rootstock and Ikram scion show some incompatibility, which explains the lower plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- plant growth attributese1
- Qualifier
- incompatibility reaction between Black Beauty rootstock and Ikram scione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram)”
e1“plants grafted onto Black Beauty rootstock resulted in lowest fruit yield and plant growth attributes due to lower nutrient uptake and translocation”
e2“indicating some incompatibility reaction between Black Beauty rootstock and Ikram scion”
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