Abstract
For analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties, a field trial was conducted during rainy and winter seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001, consisting of 7 tillage types with residue-management options in main plots and 3 nitrogen-management schedules in subplots, replicated 4 times in split-plot design. Incorporation, retention at soil surface and burning of rice residues in succeeding wheat field remarkably en- hanced the grain yield over residue removal. Deep incorporation of rice residue improved the growth and yield attributes, which led to higher grain yield over others. Conservation tillage produced dwarf plants and smaller grains. Management of residue either by deep tillage or by conservation tillage yielded broader flag leaves. The fertility status of soil after wheat harvest in terms of organic carbon, available N, P and K got enriched by the in- corporation or retention of residue, irrespective of tillage types, being the highest under conservation tillage. Residue burning and removal did not show any variation in organic carbon and available N content of surface soil, but in case of available P and K, residue burning substantiated its superiority to residue removal. The effect of starter dose of 20 kg Nlha could be nullified by applying 75% of total recommended dose of nitrogen to wheat crop at sowing and rest at crown root initiation stage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation, retention or burning of rice residues enhanced wheat grain yield over residue removal.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Incorporation, retention at soil surface and burning of rice residuese1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- en- hancede1
- Comparator
- residue removale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e1“Incorporation, retention at soil surface and burning of rice residues in succeeding wheat field remarkably en- hanced the grain yield over residue removal”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep incorporation of rice residue improved wheat growth and yield attributes compared with other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Deep incorporation of rice residuee2
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e2“Deep incorporation of rice residue improved the growth and yield attributes, which led to higher grain yield over others”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep incorporation of rice residue gave higher wheat grain yield than other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Deep incorporation of rice residuee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e2“Deep incorporation of rice residue improved the growth and yield attributes, which led to higher grain yield over others”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage produced dwarf wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Conservation tillagee3
- Outcome
- plantse3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Qualifier
- dwarfe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e3“Conservation tillage produced dwarf plants and smaller grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage produced smaller wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Conservation tillagee3
- Outcome
- grainse3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Qualifier
- smallere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e3“Conservation tillage produced dwarf plants and smaller grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue management by deep tillage or conservation tillage gave broader wheat flag leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Management of residue either by deep tillage or by conservation tillagee4
- Outcome
- flag leavese4
- Direction
- broadere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e4“Management of residue either by deep tillage or by conservation tillage yielded broader flag leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation or retention of residue enriched soil organic carbon after wheat harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- in- corporation or retention of residuee5
- Outcome
- organic carbone5
- Direction
- enrichede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e5“The fertility status of soil after wheat harvest in terms of organic carbon, available N, P and K got enriched by the in- corporation or retention of residue, irrespective of tillage types, being the highest under conservation tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation or retention of residue enriched soil available N, P and K after wheat harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- in- corporation or retention of residuee5
- Outcome
- available N, P and Ke5
- Direction
- enrichede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e5“The fertility status of soil after wheat harvest in terms of organic carbon, available N, P and K got enriched by the in- corporation or retention of residue, irrespective of tillage types, being the highest under conservation tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil enrichment in organic carbon, available N, P and K was highest under conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee5
- Outcome
- organic carbon, available N, P and Ke5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Comparator
- tillage typese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e5“The fertility status of soil after wheat harvest in terms of organic carbon, available N, P and K got enriched by the in- corporation or retention of residue, irrespective of tillage types, being the highest under conservation tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue burning and removal did not change organic carbon or available N of surface soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Residue burninge6
- Outcome
- organic carbon and available N content of surface soile6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- removale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e6“Residue burning and removal did not show any variation in organic carbon and available N content of surface soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue burning was superior to residue removal for soil available P and K.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- residue burninge7
- Outcome
- available P and Ke7
- Direction
- superioritye7
- Comparator
- residue removale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e7“in case of available P and K, residue burning substantiated its superiority to residue removal”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 75% of the recommended nitrogen at sowing could nullify the effect of a 20 kg N/ha starter dose on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applying 75% of total recommended dose of nitrogen to wheat crop at sowinge1
- Outcome
- effecte1
- Direction
- nullifiede1
- Value
- 75%e1
- Comparator
- starter dose of 20 kg Nlhae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the effect of tillage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and nitrogen management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firoi & Paol.) productivity and soil chemical properties”
e1“The effect of starter dose of 20 kg Nlha could be nullified by applying 75% of total recommended dose of nitrogen to wheat crop at sowing and rest at crown root initiation stage”
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