Abstract
Tolerance of strawberry to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae , ( C. g. malvae ) a mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallow, was tested in the growth chamber and field in an area infested with round-leaved mallow. No visual infections of C. g. malvae were observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field. However, C. g. malvae was reisolated from inoculated leaves and petioles from both situations, but no adverse effects were observed on strawberry plant development in the growth chamber or on berry yield in the field. Round-leaved mallow competition was detrimental to strawberry establishment, and berry yield was reduced by half compared to weed-free plots. In round-leaved mallow infested plots, treatment with C. g. malvae resulted in more vigorous strawberry plants, with berry production almost to the level of weed-free. Therefore, use of this mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallow in strawberries is a viable option that fits well in an integrated pest management system.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
No visual infections of C. g. malvae were observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Interactor
- C. g. malvaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- visual infections of C. g. malvaee1
- Setting
- growth chamber or fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“No visual infections of C. g. malvae were observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field”
Claim · model-written summary
C. g. malvae was reisolated from inoculated strawberry leaves and petioles in both situations.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Interactor
- C. g. malvaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- reisolated from inoculated leaves and petiolese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“No visual infections of C. g. malvae were observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field”
e2“C. g. malvae was reisolated from inoculated leaves and petioles from both situations”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with C. g. malvae had no adverse effect on strawberry plant development in the growth chamber.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae3
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- C. g. malvaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- plant developmente3
- Direction
- no adverse effectse3
- Setting
- growth chambere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“No visual infections of C. g. malvae were observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field”
e3“no adverse effects were observed on strawberry plant development in the growth chamber or on berry yield in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with C. g. malvae had no adverse effect on strawberry berry yield in the field.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae3
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- C. g. malvaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- berry yielde3
- Direction
- no adverse effectse3
- Setting
- in the fielde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“No visual infections of C. g. malvae were observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field”
e3“no adverse effects were observed on strawberry plant development in the growth chamber or on berry yield in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Round-leaved mallow competition was detrimental to strawberry establishment.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Treatment
- Round-leaved mallow competitione4
- Interactor
- Round-leaved mallowe4weed
- Outcome
- establishmente4
- Direction
- detrimentale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Round-leaved mallow competition was detrimental to strawberry establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Round-leaved mallow competition reduced strawberry berry yield by half compared with weed-free plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Treatment
- Round-leaved mallow competitione4
- Interactor
- Round-leaved mallowe4weed
- Outcome
- berry yielde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- by halfe5
- Comparator
- weed-free plotse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Round-leaved mallow competition was detrimental to strawberry establishment”
e5“berry yield was reduced by half compared to weed-free plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with C. g. malvae in round-leaved mallow infested plots resulted in more vigorous strawberry plants, with berry production almost at the level of weed-free plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae6
- Treatment
- treatment with C. g. malvaee6
- Interactor
- Round-leaved mallowe6weed
- Second interactor
- C. g. malvaee6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- strawberry plantse6
- Direction
- more vigorouse6
- Setting
- round-leaved mallow infested plotse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In round-leaved mallow infested plots, treatment with C. g. malvae resulted in more vigorous strawberry plants, with berry production almost to the level of weed-free”
e7“berry production almost to the level of weed-free”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the mycoherbicide C. g. malvae as a viable option for controlling round-leaved mallow in strawberries within integrated pest management.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Interactor
- round-leaved mallowe0weed
- Outcome
- use of this mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of this mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallow in strawberries is a viable option that fits well in an integrated pest management system”
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