Abstract
The effects of washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling on 16 pesticide (ten fungicides and six insecticides) residue levels in raw strawberries were investigated at different processing times (1, 2 and 5 min). An analysis of these pesticides was conducted using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron capture detection (GC-NPD/ECD). The processing factor (PF) for each pesticide in each processing technique was determined. Washing with ozonated water was demonstrated to be more effective (reduction from 36.1 to 75.1 %) than washing with tap water (reduction from 19.8 to 68.1 %). Boiling decreased the residues of the most compounds, with reductions ranging from 42.8 to 92.9 %. Ultrasonic cleaning lowered residues for all analysed pesticides with removal of up to 91.2 %. The data indicated that ultrasonic cleaning and boiling were the most effective treatments for the reduction of 16 pesticide residues in raw strawberries, resulting in a lower health risk exposure. Calculated PFs for alpha-cypermethrin were used to perform an acute risk assessment of dietary exposure. To investigate the relationship between the levels of 16 pesticides in strawberry samples and their physicochemical properties, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonated water reduced pesticide residues by 36.1 to 75.1%, outperforming tap water.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Washing with ozonated watere0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 36.1 to 75.1 %e0
- Qualifier
- 19.8 to 68.1 %e0
- Comparator
- washing with tap watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Washing with ozonated water was demonstrated to be more effective (reduction from 36.1 to 75.1 %) than washing with tap water (reduction from 19.8 to 68.1 %)”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Tap water washing reduced residues by 19.8 to 68.1%.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- washing with tap watere0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 19.8 to 68.1 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“washing with tap water (reduction from 19.8 to 68.1 %)”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Boiling reduced most pesticide residues by 42.8 to 92.9%.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Boilinge0
- Outcome
- residues of the most compoundse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 42.8 to 92.9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boiling decreased the residues of the most compounds, with reductions ranging from 42.8 to 92.9 %”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultrasonic cleaning reduced every analyzed pesticide residue, up to 91.2%.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Ultrasonic cleaninge0
- Outcome
- residues for all analysed pesticidese0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 91.2 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ultrasonic cleaning lowered residues for all analysed pesticides with removal of up to 91.2 %”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged ultrasonic cleaning and boiling the most effective residue reduction treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- most effective treatments for the reduction of 16 pesticide residues in raw strawberriese0
- Qualifier
- lower health risk exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ultrasonic cleaning and boiling were the most effective treatments for the reduction of 16 pesticide residues in raw strawberries, resulting in a lower health risk exposure”
The same questions in other papers
physical treatment · molecular: metabolites · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.