Abstract
The effect of continuous application of chemical fertilizers with and without farmyard manure (FYM) and lime on different forms of soil acidity, phosphorus adsorption and crop yields was studied in a long-term field experiment initiated during rabi 1972–73. The imbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers continuously for 29 cropping years led to the deterioration of soil health that rendered the present soil unproductive for further cultivation. Continuous addition of 100% N alone (urea) caused maximum damage and not even a single grain of maize or wheat could be harvested in this treatment. It was due to the increased exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminium in the soil. Continuous omission of K in fertilizer schedule for 29 years resulted in about 50 and 32% reduction in maize and wheat grain yield, respectively, over 100% NPK treatment. Addition of lime or FYM, along with recommended doses of chemical fertilizers, significantly improved the soil productivity. Application of lime increased soil pH and significantly reduced all type of soil acidity with most conspicuous effect observed on exchangeable acidity. The use of FYM, on the other hand, had a moderate effect on exchangeable acidity as compared to that in the treatment of NPK application alone. Both these treatments maintained better nutrient availability and sustained higher grain yields over the soils where only chemical fertilizers were applied. Addition of 100% N alone resulted in maximum phosphorus adsorption (98%) and soils with 100% NPK + lime resulted in lowest P adsorption.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Imbalanced inorganic fertilization over 29 cropping years made the soil unproductive for cultivation.
- Taxon
- maize or wheat
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- imbalanced use of inorganic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil unproductive for further cultivatione0
- Direction
- deterioratione0
- Value
- 29 cropping yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The imbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers continuously for 29 cropping years led to the deterioration of soil health that rendered the present soil unproductive for further cultivation”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous 100% N alone prevented harvest of maize grain.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous addition of 100% N alone (urea) caused maximum damage and not even a single grain of maize or wheat could be harvested in this treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous 100% N alone prevented harvest of wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% N alone (urea)e0
- Outcome
- grain of maize or wheate0
- Direction
- not even a single graine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous addition of 100% N alone (urea) caused maximum damage and not even a single grain of maize or wheat could be harvested in this treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased exchangeable acidity and aluminium were attributed as the cause of soil damage under N alone.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Outcome
- soile0
- Qualifier
- increased exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was due to the increased exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminium in the soil”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting K for 29 years reduced maize grain yield about 50% versus 100% NPK.
- Treatment
- omission of K in fertilizer schedule for 29 yearse0
- Outcome
- maize and wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50e0
- Comparator
- 100% NPK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous omission of K in fertilizer schedule for 29 years resulted in about 50 and 32% reduction in maize and wheat grain yield, respectively, over 100% NPK treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting K for 29 years reduced wheat grain yield about 32% versus 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- omission of K in fertilizer schedule for 29 yearse0
- Outcome
- maize and wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- 100% NPK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous omission of K in fertilizer schedule for 29 years resulted in about 50 and 32% reduction in maize and wheat grain yield, respectively, over 100% NPK treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime with recommended fertilizer significantly improved soil productivity.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- soil productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of lime or FYM, along with recommended doses of chemical fertilizers, significantly improved the soil productivity”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM with recommended fertilizer significantly improved soil productivity.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- FYMe0
- Outcome
- soil productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of lime or FYM, along with recommended doses of chemical fertilizers, significantly improved the soil productivity”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime raised soil pH.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of lime increased soil pH and significantly reduced all type of soil acidity with most conspicuous effect observed on exchangeable acidity”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime significantly reduced soil acidity, especially exchangeable acidity.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- soil aciditye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- most conspicuous effect observed on exchangeable aciditye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of lime increased soil pH and significantly reduced all type of soil acidity with most conspicuous effect observed on exchangeable acidity”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM had a moderate effect on exchangeable acidity relative to NPK alone.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- FYMe0
- Outcome
- exchangeable aciditye0
- Comparator
- NPK application alonee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of FYM, on the other hand, had a moderate effect on exchangeable acidity as compared to that in the treatment of NPK application alone”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime with fertilizers maintained better nutrient availability and higher grain yields than fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- limee1
- Outcome
- nutrient availability and sustained higher grain yieldse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- only chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both these treatments maintained better nutrient availability and sustained higher grain yields over the soils where only chemical fertilizers were applied”
e1“Addition of lime or FYM, along with recommended doses of chemical fertilizers”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM with fertilizers maintained better nutrient availability and higher grain yields than fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- FYMe1
- Outcome
- nutrient availability and sustained higher grain yieldse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- only chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both these treatments maintained better nutrient availability and sustained higher grain yields over the soils where only chemical fertilizers were applied”
e1“Addition of lime or FYM, along with recommended doses of chemical fertilizers”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
N alone produced maximum phosphorus adsorption of 98%.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- 100% N alonee0
- Outcome
- phosphorus adsorptione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 100% N alone resulted in maximum phosphorus adsorption (98%)”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus lime produced the lowest phosphorus adsorption.
- Taxon
- maize or wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + limee0
- Outcome
- P adsorptione0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils with 100% NPK + lime resulted in lowest P adsorption”
t0“grain of maize or wheat could be harvested”
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See all 3,438 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.