Abstract
During the past couple of decades the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) for sustainable agriculture ha s increased tremendously in various parts of world. Significant increases in response to inoculation with PGPR have been repeatedly reported. Bioferti lizers are also available for increasing crop nutrient uptake of nitrogen fro m nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with roots, sulfur uptake from phosphate mineral solubilizing bacteria. In the present study consortium of microorganisms were designed to cater different needs of growing plants and to und erstand interaction between consortium of microbial inoculants and plant systems will pave way to harness more benefits for improving plant growth and yield. The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds control is 66.7% on fourth day but varying results was obtained with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, sth1 and sth2 as 83.3%, 83.3%, 50%, 66.7% and 66.7% respectively. The vigor index value for control is 113.39. Bacillus is 40 and Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, sth1 and sth2 are 149.99 , 141.6, 73.37 and 66.7 respectively. The germination index is 2 for control, sth1 and sth2 1.75 for Bacillus and 2.25 for Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day and germination index was calculated a s 2.5 for all the organisms. The vigor index is less for control (160) and 210 for Bacillus and sth1, 200for sth2, 180 for Azotobacter and 170 for Pseudomonas. The Field culture study gives a clear view of practical applications and explains the synergistic or antagonistic effect with the seeds. The results of the present study suggest that pressuring bacterial treatments have a significant effect on the plant. The field culture analysis revealed that seed inoculation with all bacteria resulted in an incre ased plant height and weight. Thus Azotobacter, sth1, Bacillus and Pseudomonas together as a consortium can be used as a biofertilizer for the growth of paddy, green gram and Maize. Future study can be done on the increase of seed number and yield. The de signed consortium can be further formulated based on concentrations and designed for large scale production and commercialization. This when applied would increase the quality and fertility of the land.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter-treated paddy seeds germinated at 83.3% on day 4, above the 66.7% control.
- Taxon
- Paddye0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 83.3%e0
- Qualifier
- on fourth daye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds control is 66.7% on fourth day but varying results was obtained with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, sth1 and sth2 as 83.3%, 83.3%, 50%, 66.7% and 66.7% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas-treated paddy seeds germinated at 83.3% on day 4, above the 66.7% control.
- Taxon
- Paddye0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 83.3%e0
- Qualifier
- on fourth daye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds control is 66.7% on fourth day but varying results was obtained with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, sth1 and sth2 as 83.3%, 83.3%, 50%, 66.7% and 66.7% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus-treated paddy seeds germinated at 50% on day 4, below the 66.7% control.
Verbatim
e0“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds control is 66.7% on fourth day but varying results was obtained with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, sth1 and sth2 as 83.3%, 83.3%, 50%, 66.7% and 66.7% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy seeds treated with sth1 and sth2 germinated at 66.7% on day 4, the same as the control.
Verbatim
e0“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds control is 66.7% on fourth day but varying results was obtained with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, sth1 and sth2 as 83.3%, 83.3%, 50%, 66.7% and 66.7% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Green gram seeds reached 100% germination on day 4.
- Taxon
- green gram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatae0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- on 4 th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus-treated paddy seeds had a vigor index of 40, below the 113.39 control.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index value for control is 113.39. Bacillus is 40 and Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, sth1 and sth2 are 149.99 , 141.6, 73.37 and 66.7 respectively”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter-treated paddy seeds had a vigor index of 149.99, above the 113.39 control.
- Taxon
- Paddye1
- Treatment
- Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 149.99e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index value for control is 113.39. Bacillus is 40 and Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, sth1 and sth2 are 149.99 , 141.6, 73.37 and 66.7 respectively”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas-treated paddy seeds had a vigor index of 141.6, above the 113.39 control.
- Taxon
- Paddye1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 141.6e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index value for control is 113.39. Bacillus is 40 and Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, sth1 and sth2 are 149.99 , 141.6, 73.37 and 66.7 respectively”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
sth1-treated paddy seeds had a vigor index of 73.37, below the 113.39 control.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index value for control is 113.39. Bacillus is 40 and Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, sth1 and sth2 are 149.99 , 141.6, 73.37 and 66.7 respectively”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
sth2-treated paddy seeds had a vigor index of 66.7, below the 113.39 control.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index value for control is 113.39. Bacillus is 40 and Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, sth1 and sth2 are 149.99 , 141.6, 73.37 and 66.7 respectively”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus and sth1 raised the green gram vigor index to 210, above the 160 control.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus and sth1e0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Second interactor
- sth1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 210e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index is less for control (160) and 210 for Bacillus and sth1, 200for sth2, 180 for Azotobacter and 170 for Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day”
Claim · model-written summary
sth2 raised the green gram vigor index to 200, above the 160 control.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- sth2e0
- Interactor
- sth2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 200e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index is less for control (160) and 210 for Bacillus and sth1, 200for sth2, 180 for Azotobacter and 170 for Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter raised the green gram vigor index to 180, above the 160 control.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 180e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index is less for control (160) and 210 for Bacillus and sth1, 200for sth2, 180 for Azotobacter and 170 for Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas raised the green gram vigor index to 170, above the 160 control.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 170e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigor index is less for control (160) and 210 for Bacillus and sth1, 200for sth2, 180 for Azotobacter and 170 for Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus lowered the paddy germination index to 1.75, below the control value of 2.
Verbatim
e0“The germination index is 2 for control, sth1 and sth2 1.75 for Bacillus and 2.25 for Azotobacter and Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter and Pseudomonas raised the paddy germination index to 2.25, above the control value of 2.
- Taxon
- Paddye1
- Treatment
- Azotobacter and Pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 2.25e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination index is 2 for control, sth1 and sth2 1.75 for Bacillus and 2.25 for Azotobacter and Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
sth1 and sth2 kept the paddy germination index at 2, the same as the control.
Verbatim
e0“The germination index is 2 for control, sth1 and sth2 1.75 for Bacillus and 2.25 for Azotobacter and Pseudomonas”
e1“The germination percentage of the Paddy seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Green gram seeds had a germination index of 2.5 for all the organisms tested.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Value
- 2.5e0
- Qualifier
- for all the organismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination index was calculated a s 2.5 for all the organisms”
e1“The germination percentage of green gram seeds is 100% on 4 th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with all bacteria increased plant height and weight in field culture.
- Taxon
- paddy, green gram and Maizee1
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with all bacteriae0
- Outcome
- plant height and weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- field culturee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The field culture analysis revealed that seed inoculation with all bacteria resulted in an incre ased plant height and weight”
e1“Thus Azotobacter, sth1, Bacillus and Pseudomonas together as a consortium can be used as a biofertilizer for the growth of paddy, green gram and Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the four-isolate consortium as a biofertilizer for paddy, green gram and maize growth.
- Taxon
- paddy, green gram and Maizee0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- can be used as a biofertilizer for the growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus Azotobacter, sth1, Bacillus and Pseudomonas together as a consortium can be used as a biofertilizer for the growth of paddy, green gram and Maize”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.