Abstract
In search for low-cost plant-based post-harvest insecticides against stored product insects, dried seed powders of Syzygium aromaticum, Piper guineense, Ocimum basilicum, Aframomum citratrum and leaf powders of Cyperus aequalis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were tested against Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea grains. For each, 100g of grains were mixed with 1, 2, 3, or 4g of powder and mortality recorded daily for 5 days. The potency and persistence of various combinations of potent powders were also studied. Regardless of concentration, S. aromaticum or P. guineense powder treated grains caused 100% and 98.75% adult mortality, respectively, within 5 days after infestation (DAI) compared to 100% 2 DAI for Actellic powder, the standard protectant in Cameroon. Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powder were less efficacious compared to S. aromaticum and P. guineense; each caused significantly lower grain weight loss after three months of storage. S. aromaticum powders had longer residual effects by preventing weevil emergence for ≥ 8 weeks compared to 6 weeks for P. guineense. Adult weevils introduced weekly on seeds treated with S. aromaticum powder were continuously killed for ≥ 8 weeks after treatment compared to 6 and 4 weeks for P. guineense and Actellic, respectively. Application of 50:50% combinations of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis powders caused 100% adult mortality at 5 DAI, earlier than similar mixtures with E. camaldulensis or P. guineense and C. aequalis or E. camaldulensis. Equal mixtures of powders of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis clearly have potentials for long-term and large-scale protection of stored grains.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Grains treated with S. aromaticum powder caused 100% adult mortality within 5 days after infestation, regardless of concentration, compared with Actellic powder.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Organ / stage
- grainse1
- Treatment
- S. aromaticume1
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatust0pest - Outcome
- adult mortalitye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- within 5 days after infestatione1
- Comparator
- Actellic powdere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e1“Regardless of concentration, S. aromaticum or P. guineense powder treated grains caused 100% and 98.75% adult mortality, respectively, within 5 days after infestation (DAI) compared to 100% 2 DAI for Actellic powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains treated with P. guineense powder caused 98.75% adult mortality within 5 days after infestation, compared with Actellic powder.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- grainse1
- Treatment
- P. guineensee1
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatusCallosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- adult mortalitye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 98.75%e1
- Qualifier
- within 5 days after infestatione1
- Comparator
- Actellic powdere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e1“Regardless of concentration, S. aromaticum or P. guineense powder treated grains caused 100% and 98.75% adult mortality, respectively, within 5 days after infestation (DAI) compared to 100% 2 DAI for Actellic powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powder caused significantly lower grain weight loss after three months of storage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powdere2
- Outcome
- grain weight losse2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- after three months of storagee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e2“Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powder were less efficacious compared to S. aromaticum and P. guineense; each caused significantly lower grain weight loss after three months of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powder was less efficacious than S. aromaticum and P. guineense powders.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powdere2
- Outcome
- efficaciouse2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- S. aromaticum and P. guineensee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e2“Ocimum basilicum or A. citratum powder were less efficacious compared to S. aromaticum and P. guineense; each caused significantly lower grain weight loss after three months of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
S. aromaticum powder prevented weevil emergence for 8 weeks or more, longer than P. guineense powder (6 weeks).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- S. aromaticume3
- Interactor
- weevile3pest
- Outcome
- residual effectse3
- Direction
- longere3
- Value
- ≥ 8 weekse3
- Qualifier
- 6 weekse3
- Comparator
- P. guineensee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e3“S. aromaticum powders had longer residual effects by preventing weevil emergence for ≥ 8 weeks compared to 6 weeks for P. guineense”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult weevils introduced weekly on S. aromaticum powder-treated seeds were continuously killed for 8 weeks or more, longer than on P. guineense or Actellic treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- S. aromaticum powdere4
- Interactor
- weevilsCurculionidaee4pest
- Outcome
- continuously killede4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- ≥ 8 weekse4
- Comparator
- P. guineense and Actellice4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e4“Adult weevils introduced weekly on seeds treated with S. aromaticum powder were continuously killed for ≥ 8 weeks after treatment compared to 6 and 4 weeks for P. guineense and Actellic, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50:50 mixture of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis powders caused 100% adult mortality at 5 DAI, earlier than similar mixtures with E. camaldulensis or P. guineense.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- combinations of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis powderse5
- Outcome
- adult mortalitye5
- Direction
- earliere5
- Value
- 100%e5
- Qualifier
- at 5 DAIe5
- Comparator
- similar mixtures with E. camaldulensis or P. guineense and C. aequalis or E. camaldulensise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e5“Application of 50:50% combinations of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis powders caused 100% adult mortality at 5 DAI, earlier than similar mixtures with E. camaldulensis or P. guineense and C. aequalis or E. camaldulensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Equal mixtures of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis powders are considered to have potential for long-term and large-scale protection of stored cowpea grains.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- protection of stored grainse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“STORED COWPEA GRAINS AGAINST DAMAGE BY Callosobruchus maculatus”
e6“Equal mixtures of powders of S. aromaticum and C. aequalis clearly have potentials for long-term and large-scale protection of stored grains”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.