Abstract
The host-specific toxin ToxA, produced by P. tritici-repentis, confers virulence on wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1. The Stagonospora nodorum gene, SnToxA was identified from a reannotation of the genome sequence and is nearly identical to PtrToxA. Disruption of SnToxA reduced disease on wheat lines carrying Tsn1. ToxA genes from a large isolate collection from P. tritici-repentis were identical but those from S. nodorum were highly variable. P. tritici-repentis was first identified in 1902 but it was not until 1941 that typical tan spot symptoms were first described. Nowadays, P. tritici- repentis is a regular and abundant pathogen. Our evidence strongly suggests that ToxA was horizontally transferred to P. tritici-repentis some time prior to 1941. These new forms appear to have rapidly spread around the world, probably in grain shipments (Nature Genetics 38 953-956). Our work indicates that S. nodorum produces several other toxins. The presence of multiple host-specific toxins and their transfer between species raises many interesting evolutionary questions; 1. How does toxin possession and expression affect the fecundity of fungal strains carrying the toxins? 2. How can we explain the expression of toxin receptor genes? 3.What are the mechanisms of sequence diversification in toxin genes?
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
SnToxA was identified in Stagonospora nodorum and was nearly identical to PtrToxA.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume0pathogen - Gene
- SnToxAe0
- Outcome
- nearly identical to PtrToxAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Stagonospora nodorum gene, SnToxA was identified from a reannotation of the genome sequence and is nearly identical to PtrToxA.”
e1“wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting SnToxA reduced disease on wheat lines carrying Tsn1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- wheat lines carrying Tsn1e0
- Treatment
- Disruption of SnToxAe0
- Gene
- SnToxAe0
- Outcome
- disease on wheat lines carrying Tsn1e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of SnToxA reduced disease on wheat lines carrying Tsn1.”
Claim · model-written summary
ToxA genes from the P. tritici-repentis isolate collection were identical.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentise0pathogen
- Gene
- ToxAe0
- Outcome
- ToxA genes from a large isolate collection from P. tritici-repentis were identicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ToxA genes from a large isolate collection from P. tritici-repentis were identical”
e1“wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1”
Claim · model-written summary
ToxA genes from S. nodorum were highly variable.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- S. nodorumParastagonospora nodorume0pathogen
- Gene
- ToxAe1
- Outcome
- those from S. nodorum were highly variablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those from S. nodorum were highly variable”
e1“ToxA genes from a large isolate collection from P. tritici-repentis were identical but those from S. nodorum were highly variable.”
e2“wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ToxA transferred horizontally to P. tritici-repentis before 1941.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentise0pathogen
- Gene
- ToxAe0
- Outcome
- horizontally transferred to P. tritici-repentise0
- Qualifier
- some time prior to 1941e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our evidence strongly suggests that ToxA was horizontally transferred to P. tritici-repentis some time prior to 1941.”
e1“wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1”
Claim · model-written summary
The new forms appear to have spread rapidly worldwide, possibly through grain shipments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- rapidly spread around the worlde0
- Qualifier
- probably in grain shipmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These new forms appear to have rapidly spread around the world, probably in grain shipments”
e1“wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nodorum produces several other toxins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- S. nodorumParastagonospora nodorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. nodorum produces several other toxinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our work indicates that S. nodorum produces several other toxins.”
e1“wheat genotypes carrying Tsn1”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.