Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) and salicylic acid (SA) are plant hormones that play pivotal roles in the regulation of induced defenses against microbial pathogens and insect herbivores. Their signaling pathways cross-communicate providing the plant with a regulatory potential to finely tune its defense response to the attacker(s) encountered. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA strongly antagonizes the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, resulting in the downregula- tion of a large set of JA-responsive genes, including the marker genes PDF1.2 and VSP2. Induction of JA-respon- sive marker gene expression by different JA derivatives was equally sensitive to SA-mediated suppression. Activation of genes encoding key enzymes in the JA biosynthesis path- way, such as LOX2, AOS, AOC2, and OPR3 was also repressed by SA, suggesting that the JA biosynthesis path- way may be a target for SA-mediated antagonism. To test this, we made use of the mutant aos/dde2, which is com- pletely blocked in its ability to produce JAs because of a mutation in the ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE gene. Mutant aos/dde2 plants did not express the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 or VSP2 in response to infection with the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola or the herbiv- orous insect Pieris rapae. Bypassing JA biosynthesis by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) rescued this JA-responsive phenotype in aos/dde2. Application of SA suppressed MeJA-induced PDF1.2 expression to the same level in the aos/dde2 mutant as in wild-type Col-0 plants, indicating that SA-mediated suppression of JA- responsive gene expression is targeted at a position down- stream of the JA biosynthesis pathway.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
SA suppresses JA-responsive genes including PDF1.2 and VSP2 in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- SAe0
- Gene
- PDF1.2 and VSP2e0
- Outcome
- JA-responsive genese0
- Direction
- downregula- tione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA strongly antagonizes the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, resulting in the downregula- tion of a large set of JA-responsive genes, including the marker genes PDF1.2 and VSP2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Induction by different JA derivatives was equally sensitive to SA suppression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- JA-respon- sive marker gene expressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Comparator
- different JA derivativese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Induction of JA-respon- sive marker gene expression by different JA derivatives was equally sensitive to SA-mediated suppression.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SA repressed activation of JA biosynthesis genes LOX2, AOS, AOC2 and OPR3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Gene
- LOX2, AOS, AOC2, and OPR3e0
- Outcome
- Activation of genese0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activation of genes encoding key enzymes in the JA biosynthesis path- way, such as LOX2, AOS, AOC2, and OPR3 was also repressed by SA”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The aos/dde2 mutant did not express PDF1.2 or VSP2 after Alternaria brassicicola infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- aos/dde2e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria brassicicola
Alternaria brassicicolae0pathogen - Gene
- PDF1.2 or VSP2e0
- Outcome
- did not express the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 or VSP2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutant aos/dde2 plants did not express the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 or VSP2 in response to infection with the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The aos/dde2 mutant did not express PDF1.2 or VSP2 after Pieris rapae attack.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- aos/dde2e0
- Interactor
- Pieris rapae
Pieris rapaee0herbivore - Gene
- PDF1.2 or VSP2e0
- Outcome
- did not express the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 or VSP2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutant aos/dde2 plants did not express the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 or VSP2 in response to infection with the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola or the herbiv- orous insect Pieris rapae.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous MeJA rescued JA-responsive gene expression in aos/dde2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- aos/dde2e0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)e0
- Outcome
- JA-responsive phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bypassing JA biosynthesis by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) rescued this JA-responsive phenotype in aos/dde2.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SA suppressed MeJA-induced PDF1.2 expression equally in aos/dde2 and wild-type Col-0, placing suppression downstream of JA biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- aos/dde2e0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Gene
- PDF1.2e0
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced PDF1.2 expressione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- down- stream of the JA biosynthesis pathwaye0
- Comparator
- wild-type Col-0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA suppressed MeJA-induced PDF1.2 expression to the same level in the aos/dde2 mutant as in wild-type Col-0 plants, indicating that SA-mediated suppression of JA- responsive gene expression is targeted at a position down- stream of the JA biosynthesis pathway.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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