Abstract
Experiments were conducted at two locations in North Carolina from 1999 to 2000 to evaluate flumioxazin preplant (PP) for weed management in strip-tillage cotton planted in winter-wheat cover. Flumioxazin PP was evaluated at two rates alone and in mixture with two commonly used PP herbicides and one experimental PP herbicide. Flumioxazin PP at 71 or 105 g ai/ha tank mixed with the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/ha, paraquat at 1.05 kg ai/ha, or the trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/ha controlled common chickweed, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Palmer amaranth, and smooth pigweed ≥ 96% 29 to 43 d after treatment (DAT). Both glyphosate formulations and paraquat alone provided ≥ 91% control of common chickweed and henbit 29 to 43 DAT, but control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and smooth pigweed was ≤50%. Treatments including flumioxazin injured cotton (≤ 5%) at one location. In all comparisons within a location, cotton treated with flumioxazin PP at 71 or 105 g/ha in mixture with either glyphosate formulation or with paraquat provided equivalent or higher yields than did cotton not treated with flumioxazin PP.Nomenclature: Flumioxazin; glyphosate; paraquat; common chickweed, Stellaria media L. Vill. #3 STEME; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; henbit, Lamium amplexicaule L. # LAMAM; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri L. # AMAPA; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Paymaster 1218 RRBG’, ‘Paymaster 1220 RRBG’; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Additional index words: Burndown treatment, cover crops.Abbreviations: COC, crop-oil concentrate; DAT, days after treatment; glyphosate-IP, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate; glyphosate-TM, trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate; PDS, postemergence-directed spray; POST, postemergence; PP, preplant; PRE, preemergence; WAP, weeks after planting.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin mixtures controlled five named weeds at least 96% at 29 to 43 days.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Flumioxazin PP at 71 or 105 g ai/ha tank mixed with the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/ha, paraquat at 1.05 kg ai/ha, or the trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/hae0
- Outcome
- common chickweed, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Palmer amaranth, and smooth pigweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- ≥ 96%e0
- Qualifier
- 29 to 43 d after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin PP at 71 or 105 g ai/ha tank mixed with the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/ha, paraquat at 1.05 kg ai/ha, or the trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate at 1.12 kg ai/ha controlled common chickweed, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Palmer amaranth, and smooth pigweed ≥ 96% 29 to 43 d after treatment (DAT).”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate formulations and paraquat alone controlled chickweed and henbit at least 91%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Both glyphosate formulations and paraquat alonee0
- Outcome
- control of common chickweed and henbite0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both glyphosate formulations and paraquat alone provided ≥ 91% control of common chickweed and henbit 29 to 43 DAT”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same herbicides alone controlled five other weeds at no more than 50%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Both glyphosate formulations and paraquat alonee0
- Outcome
- control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and smooth pigweede0
- Value
- ≤50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both glyphosate formulations and paraquat alone provided ≥ 91% control of common chickweed and henbit 29 to 43 DAT, but control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and smooth pigweed was ≤50%”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin treatments injured cotton by at most 5% at one location.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Treatments including flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- injured cottone0
- Direction
- injurede0
- Value
- ≤ 5%e0
- Qualifier
- at one locatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments including flumioxazin injured cotton (≤ 5%) at one location.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin mixtures gave equivalent or higher cotton yields than treatments without flumioxazin.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- flumioxazin PP at 71 or 105 g/ha in mixture with either glyphosate formulation or with paraquate0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalent or highere0
- Comparator
- cotton not treated with flumioxazin PPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton treated with flumioxazin PP at 71 or 105 g/ha in mixture with either glyphosate formulation or with paraquat provided equivalent or higher yields than did cotton not treated with flumioxazin PP”
The same questions in other papers
flumioxazin · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
glyphosate · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
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- positive
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See all 61 papers →flumioxazin · crop injury · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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paraquat · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
flumioxazin · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →glyphosate · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
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See all 12 papers →glyphosate · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- no effect
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See all 41 papers →paraquat · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.