Abstract
A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn to determine how the integration of a terminated winter wheat cover crop with various atrazine rates would affect Palmer amaranth control and corn water use efficiency (WUE). Without atrazine, the presence of a winter wheat cover crop, killed in the boot stage, resulted in a threefold weed biomass reduction in irrigated corn. The highest rate of atrazine completely masked the weed control effect of the cover crop, producing a greater than 15-fold reduction regardless of the presence or absence of the cover crop. A terminated winter wheat cover crop without atrazine elevated corn yield in only two of nine location-yr, and in one instance, depressed yield. However, a terminated wheat cover crop elevated corn yield in six of nine location-yr combinations when used in conjunction with 1.6 kg ha −1 atrazine. Although increases in WUE associated with reductions in soil water evaporation produced by the cover crop seemed to be responsible for some of the increase in corn grain yield and stored soil water at the end of the summer growing season, end of season Palmer amaranth biomass had a more profound impact.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Without atrazine, a terminated winter wheat cover crop reduced weed biomass threefold in irrigated corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- winter wheat cover crop, killed in the boot stagee1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe2weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- threefolde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Without atrazine, the presence of a winter wheat cover crop, killed in the boot stage, resulted in a threefold weed biomass reduction in irrigated corn”
e2“would affect Palmer amaranth control and corn water use efficiency (WUE)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest atrazine rate the weed control effect of the cover crop was completely masked.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- highest rate of atrazinee1
- Outcome
- weed control effecte1
- Setting
- Garden City, KSe3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest rate of atrazine completely masked the weed control effect of the cover crop, producing a greater than 15-fold reduction regardless of the presence or absence of the cover crop”
e3“A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest atrazine rate reduced weed biomass more than 15-fold regardless of the presence or absence of the cover crop.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- highest rate of atrazinee1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe2weed
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- greater than 15-folde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest rate of atrazine completely masked the weed control effect of the cover crop, producing a greater than 15-fold reduction regardless of the presence or absence of the cover crop”
e2“would affect Palmer amaranth control and corn water use efficiency (WUE)”
e3“A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Without atrazine, a terminated winter wheat cover crop elevated corn yield in only two of nine location-years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- terminated winter wheat cover crope1
- Outcome
- corn yielde1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- two of nine location-yre1
- Qualifier
- without atrazinee1
- Setting
- Garden City, KSe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A terminated winter wheat cover crop without atrazine elevated corn yield in only two of nine location-yr”
e3“A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Without atrazine, a terminated winter wheat cover crop depressed corn yield in one instance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- terminated winter wheat cover crope1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Value
- in one instancee1
- Qualifier
- without atrazinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A terminated winter wheat cover crop without atrazine elevated corn yield in only two of nine location-yr, and in one instance, depressed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
With 1.6 kg ha -1 atrazine, a terminated wheat cover crop elevated corn yield in six of nine location-year combinations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- terminated wheat cover crope1
- Outcome
- corn yielde1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- six of nine location-yr combinationse1
- Qualifier
- when used in conjunction with 1.6 kg ha −1 atrazinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, a terminated wheat cover crop elevated corn yield in six of nine location-yr combinations when used in conjunction with 1.6 kg ha −1 atrazine”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased water use efficiency with reduced soil evaporation under the cover crop seemed partly responsible for the corn yield increase.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- increases in WUE associated with reductions in soil water evaporatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“increases in WUE associated with reductions in soil water evaporation produced by the cover crop seemed to be responsible for some of the increase in corn grain yield”
e3“A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn”
Claim · model-written summary
End-of-season Palmer amaranth biomass had a more profound impact on corn than the water use efficiency gains.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- end of season Palmer amaranth biomasse1
- Qualifier
- had a more profound impacte1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“end of season Palmer amaranth biomass had a more profound impact”
e3“A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn”
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