Abstract
Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use. Rye, crimson clover, and subterranean clover cover crops were compared with corn stubble under a conventional management system (CS) that included plowing and use of preemergence residual herbicides and a low-input management system (LIS) that included no-tillage and use of a presowing nonresidual herbicide for three consecutive years (1994–1996). Cover crop and above-ground weed biomass prior to desiccation were not influenced by management system. Cover crop biomass ranged from 1,420 to 5,657 kg ha−1 for rye, from 563 to 4,217 kg ha−1 for crimson clover, and from 563 to 4,248 kg ha−1 for subterranean clover. At crop planting, rye reduced weed biomass from 54 to 99%, crimson clover from 22 to 46% (with a negative value in 1995), and subterranean clover from 21 to 67%. Weed growth suppression was usually higher in years when cover crop biomass was higher. There were no differences in weed suppression by cover crops later in the season (corn in the fourth leaf stage), while total weed density was higher in LIS than CS in 2 of 3 yr. Total weed cover at corn's ‘full dent’ stage ranged from 1 to 7% in CS and from 24 to 47% in LIS. Cover crops influenced weed composition only in years when cover crop growth was high; otherwise their effect was masked by that of the management system. Weed communities showed higher diversity under LIS than under CS. Consistency of associations between weed species and treatments over sampling dates and years was found especially for some of the species associated with LIS. After 3 yr, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and black nightshade were regularly associated with rye-LIS at an early corn growth stage; this may indicate a species shift toward a more troublesome composition.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
At crop planting, rye reduced weed biomass from 54 to 99%.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- ryee1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- from 54 to 99%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“At crop planting, rye reduced weed biomass from 54 to 99%, crimson clover from 22 to 46% (with a negative value in 1995), and subterranean clover from 21 to 67%”
Claim · model-written summary
At crop planting, crimson clover reduced weed biomass from 22 to 46%, with a negative value in 1995.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- crimson clovere1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- from 22 to 46%e1
- Qualifier
- with a negative value in 1995e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“At crop planting, rye reduced weed biomass from 54 to 99%, crimson clover from 22 to 46% (with a negative value in 1995), and subterranean clover from 21 to 67%”
Claim · model-written summary
At crop planting, subterranean clover reduced weed biomass from 21 to 67%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- subterranean clovere1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- from 21 to 67%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“At crop planting, rye reduced weed biomass from 54 to 99%, crimson clover from 22 to 46% (with a negative value in 1995), and subterranean clover from 21 to 67%”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed growth suppression was higher in years when cover crop biomass was higher.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- cover crop biomasse2
- Outcome
- Weed growth suppressione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- usuallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e2“Weed growth suppression was usually higher in years when cover crop biomass was higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Later in the season, cover crops did not change weed suppression in corn at the fourth leaf stage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Organ / stage
- fourth leaf stagee3
- Treatment
- cover cropse3
- Outcome
- weed suppressione3
- Direction
- no differencese3
- Qualifier
- later in the seasone3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There were no differences in weed suppression by cover crops later in the season (corn in the fourth leaf stage)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed density was higher in LIS than in CS in 2 of 3 years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LISe4
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- total weed densitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- in 2 of 3 yre4
- Comparator
- CSe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e4“total weed density was higher in LIS than CS in 2 of 3 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed cover in corn ranged from 1 to 7% under CS.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- CSe5
- Outcome
- Total weed covere6
- Value
- from 1 to 7%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“ranged from 1 to 7% in CS and from 24 to 47% in LIS”
e6“Total weed cover at corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed cover in corn ranged from 24 to 47% under LIS.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- LISe5
- Outcome
- Total weed covere6
- Value
- from 24 to 47%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“ranged from 1 to 7% in CS and from 24 to 47% in LIS”
e6“Total weed cover at corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops influenced weed composition only in years when cover crop growth was high.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- cover cropse7
- Outcome
- weed compositione7
- Qualifier
- only in years when cover crop growth was highe7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e7“Cover crops influenced weed composition only in years when cover crop growth was high; otherwise their effect was masked by that of the management system”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed communities had higher diversity under LIS than under CS.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LISe1
- Interactor
- Weed communitiese1weed
- Outcome
- diversitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“Weed communities showed higher diversity under LIS than under CS”
Claim · model-written summary
Associations between weed species and LIS were consistent over sampling dates and years, especially for some species.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LISe1
- Interactor
- weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- Consistency of associations between weed species and treatmentse1
- Qualifier
- especially for some of the species associated with LISe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“Consistency of associations between weed species and treatments over sampling dates and years was found especially for some of the species associated with LIS”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters and black nightshade were regularly associated with rye-LIS at an early corn growth stage after 3 years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Organ / stage
- early corn growth stagee1
- Treatment
- rye-LISe1
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede1weed
- Second interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume1weed - Outcome
- regularly associatede1
- Qualifier
- black nightshadee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 3 yr, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and black nightshade were regularly associated with rye-LIS at an early corn growth stage; this may indicate a species shift toward a more troublesome composition”
Claim · model-written summary
The association pattern may indicate a species shift toward a more troublesome weed composition.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- species shift toward a more troublesome compositione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 3 yr, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and black nightshade were regularly associated with rye-LIS at an early corn growth stage; this may indicate a species shift toward a more troublesome composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop biomass before desiccation was not influenced by management system.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- management systeme1
- Outcome
- Cover crope1
- Direction
- not influencede1
- Qualifier
- biomass prior to desiccatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“Cover crop and above-ground weed biomass prior to desiccation were not influenced by management system”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground weed biomass before desiccation was not influenced by management system.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- management systeme1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- above-ground weed biomasse1
- Direction
- not influencede1
- Qualifier
- prior to desiccatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use”
e1“Cover crop and above-ground weed biomass prior to desiccation were not influenced by management system”
The same questions in other papers
cover crop · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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- positive
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- positive
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5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.