Abstract
Abstract This research involves factors affecting crop production in a no‐till crop rotation of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)−corn ( Zea mays L.)−fallow. Experiments were conducted in the field at North Platte, Nebr. during 1974 to 1977 on a Holdrege silt loam (fine−silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiustolls) to determine the effect of weed control in growing winter wheat and stubble after harvest on annual weed growth, soil water storage, and winter wheat and corn yields. Winter wheat was an excellent competitor to weeds. Winter wheat allowed to grow until harvest (10 July) reduced weed weight taken 7 weeks after harvest (1 September) 56% as compared with plots where winter wheat and weeds were removed on 22 May. Weed competition reduced winter wheat yields by 15% in 1975 but not in 1976 when weeds succumbed to drought and competition from winter wheat. Glyphosate [ N −(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied after winter wheat harvest did not immediately kill weeds which resulted in unnecessary soil water loss when compared to plots receiving tillage. Volunteer wheat and weeds emerged after an application of glyphosate or one tillage after harvest. A residual herbicide should be applied to prevent these weeds from using soil water. Weeds in plots that were allowed to produce viable seed in the winter wheat or in the stubble after harvest significantly reduced weed control in corn planted the following spring as compared with plots in which weeds were not allowed to produce viable seed. Escaped weeds that produce seed during any period of a crop rotation will provide competition to subsequent crops. Standing stubble trapped snow which increased corn yields as compared to plots where tillage had knocked stubble down. Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn planting caused less brace root penetration, more lodging. and reduced corn yields 15% as compared to plots where stubble was left undisturbed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat competed effectively against weeds.
- Taxon
- Winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- excellent competitor to weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat was an excellent competitor to weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Keeping winter wheat until harvest reduced subsequent weed weight 56%.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- allowed to grow until harvest (10 July)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Comparator
- plots where winter wheat and weeds were removed on 22 Maye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat allowed to grow until harvest (10 July) reduced weed weight taken 7 weeks after harvest (1 September) 56% as compared with plots where winter wheat and weeds were removed on 22 May.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced winter wheat yield by 15% in 1975.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- winter wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- 1975e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed competition reduced winter wheat yields by 15% in 1975”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds did not reduce winter wheat yield in 1976 under drought and crop competition.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- winter wheat yieldse1
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- 1976e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not in 1976 when weeds succumbed to drought and competition from winter wheat.”
e1“Weed competition reduced winter wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
After harvest, glyphosate failed to kill weeds immediately and led to unnecessary soil water loss relative to tillage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate [ N −(phosphonomethyl)glycine]e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- soil water losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Comparator
- plots receiving tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate [ N −(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied after winter wheat harvest did not immediately kill weeds which resulted in unnecessary soil water loss when compared to plots receiving tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer wheat and weeds emerged after glyphosate or one postharvest tillage.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer wheat and weeds emerged after an application of glyphosate or one tillage after harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a residual herbicide to prevent weeds from using soil water.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- A residual herbicide should be appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A residual herbicide should be applied to prevent these weeds from using soil water.”
e1“winter wheat and corn yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Allowing weeds to produce viable seed significantly reduced weed control in following corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- allowed to produce viable seede0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed control in corne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- plots in which weeds were not allowed to produce viable seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds in plots that were allowed to produce viable seed in the winter wheat or in the stubble after harvest significantly reduced weed control in corn planted the following spring as compared with plots in which weeds were not allowed to produce viable seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing stubble trapped snow and increased corn yield relative to knocked-down stubble.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Standing stubblee0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- plots where tillage had knocked stubble downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Standing stubble trapped snow which increased corn yields as compared to plots where tillage had knocked stubble down.”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing wheat stubble after corn planting reduced brace root penetration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- brace root penetratione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- plots where stubble was left undisturbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn planting caused less brace root penetration, more lodging. and reduced corn yields 15% as compared to plots where stubble was left undisturbed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing wheat stubble increased corn lodging.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- plots where stubble was left undisturbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn planting caused less brace root penetration, more lodging. and reduced corn yields 15% as compared to plots where stubble was left undisturbed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing wheat stubble reduced corn yield by 15%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn plantinge0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- plots where stubble was left undisturbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of winter wheat stubble after corn planting caused less brace root penetration, more lodging. and reduced corn yields 15% as compared to plots where stubble was left undisturbed.”
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