Abstract
Water molecules can be affected by magnetic fields (MF) due to their bipolar characteristics. In the present study maize plants, from sowing to the end period of generative stage, were irrigated with magnetically treated water (MTW).Tap water was treated with MF by passing through a locally designed alternative magnetic field generating apparatus (110 mT). Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups. Levels of photosynthetic pigments i.e. chlorophyll a and b, and the contents of anthocyanin and flavonoids of the leaves were increased compared to those of non-treated ones. Increase of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of the treated plants efficiently scavenged active oxygen species and resulted in the maintenance of photosynthetic membranes and reduction of malondealdehyde. Total ferritin, sugar, iron and calcium contents of kernels of MTW-irrigated plants were respectively 122.9%, 167.4%, 235% and 185% of the control ones. From the results presented here it can be concluded that the influence of MF on living plant cells, at least in part, is mediated by water. The results also suggest that irrigation of maize plant with MTW can be applied as a useful method for improvement of quantity and quality of it.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased ear length by 119.5% compared with controls.
- Organ / stage
- eare1
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- ear lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 119.5%e1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased ear fresh weight by 119.1% compared with controls.
- Organ / stage
- eare1
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 119.1%e1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased 100-grain fresh weight by 114.2% compared with controls.
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- 100-grain freshe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 114.2%e1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased 100-grain dry weight by 116.6% compared with controls.
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- dry weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 116.6%e1
- Qualifier
- 100-graine1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased water productivity by 122.3% compared with controls.
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- water productivitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 122.3%e1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased chlorophyll a and b in maize leaves relative to non-treated plants.
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and be2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- non-treated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
e2“Levels of photosynthetic pigments i.e. chlorophyll a and b, and the contents of anthocyanin and flavonoids of the leaves were increased compared to those of non-treated ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with magnetically treated water increased anthocyanin and flavonoid contents in maize leaves relative to non-treated plants.
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- Irrigation with MTWe1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and flavonoidse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- non-treated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“Irrigation with MTW increased the ear length and fresh weight, 100-grain fresh and dry weights, and water productivity (119.5%, 119.1%, 114.2%, 116.6% and 122.3%, respectively), compared with the control groups.”
e2“Levels of photosynthetic pigments i.e. chlorophyll a and b, and the contents of anthocyanin and flavonoids of the leaves were increased compared to those of non-treated ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize plants showed increased activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- treated plantse3
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e3
- Direction
- Increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e3“Increase of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of the treated plants efficiently scavenged active oxygen species and resulted in the maintenance of photosynthetic membranes and reduction of malondealdehyde.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize plants showed reduced malondialdehyde in leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e3“Increase of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of the treated plants efficiently scavenged active oxygen species and resulted in the maintenance of photosynthetic membranes and reduction of malondealdehyde.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels of maize irrigated with magnetically treated water had 122.9% of the ferritin content of controls.
- Organ / stage
- kernelse4
- Treatment
- MTW-irrigated plantse4
- Outcome
- Total ferritine4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 122.9%e4
- Comparator
- control onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e4“Total ferritin, sugar, iron and calcium contents of kernels of MTW-irrigated plants were respectively 122.9%, 167.4%, 235% and 185% of the control ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels of maize irrigated with magnetically treated water had 167.4% of the sugar content of controls.
- Organ / stage
- kernelse4
- Treatment
- MTW-irrigated plantse4
- Outcome
- sugare4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 167.4%e4
- Comparator
- control onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e4“Total ferritin, sugar, iron and calcium contents of kernels of MTW-irrigated plants were respectively 122.9%, 167.4%, 235% and 185% of the control ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels of maize irrigated with magnetically treated water had 235% of the iron content of controls.
- Organ / stage
- kernelse4
- Treatment
- MTW-irrigated plantse4
- Outcome
- irone4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 235%e4
- Comparator
- control onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e4“Total ferritin, sugar, iron and calcium contents of kernels of MTW-irrigated plants were respectively 122.9%, 167.4%, 235% and 185% of the control ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels of maize irrigated with magnetically treated water had 185% of the calcium content of controls.
- Organ / stage
- kernelse4
- Treatment
- MTW-irrigated plantse4
- Outcome
- calciume4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 185%e4
- Comparator
- control onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e4“Total ferritin, sugar, iron and calcium contents of kernels of MTW-irrigated plants were respectively 122.9%, 167.4%, 235% and 185% of the control ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend irrigation of maize with magnetically treated water as a method to improve maize quantity and quality.
- Outcome
- improvement of quantity and qualitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e6“The results also suggest that irrigation of maize plant with MTW can be applied as a useful method for improvement of quantity and quality of it.”
Claim · model-written summary
The influence of magnetic fields on living plant cells is, at least in part, mediated by water.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e5“From the results presented here it can be concluded that the influence of MF on living plant cells, at least in part, is mediated by water.”
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