Abstract
Wick-feeding of chemicals into grape bunches in the field successfully induced bunchstem necrosis (BSN) and hastened or delayed berry ripening. Evidence is presented that ammonium ion has a specific effect in delaying ripening. The most potent inducer of BSN was the amine agmatine; this compound, and the auxin benzothiazol-2-oxyacetic acid (BTOA), are new additions to the list of chemicals that induce BSN-like symptoms. Other inducers were ammonium sulfate, abscisic acid (ABA). Comparison of analyses of bunchstem tissue at two weeks after perfusion showed no correlation between released ammonium levels and BSN incidence. The potency of agmatine, which increased both ammonium and BSN, may be due to its effect in releasing the polyamine putrescine which is potentially phytotoxic. Positive correlations were evident between extracted levels of ABA and BSN incidence since most perfusions that induced BSN caused an increase in ABA. Co-perfusion of calcium and magnesium salts did not significantly reduce the incidence of induced BSN, a result that accords with previous vine-spraying experiments.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical wick feeding induced bunchstem necrosis in grape bunches.
- Treatment
- Wick-feeding of chemicalse0
- Outcome
- bunchstem necrosis (BSN)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Setting
- fielde0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Wick-feeding of chemicals into grape bunches in the field successfully induced bunchstem necrosis (BSN)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical wick feeding hastened or delayed berry ripening.
- Treatment
- Wick-feeding of chemicalse0
- Outcome
- berry ripeninge0
- Direction
- hastened or delayede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Wick-feeding of chemicals into grape bunches in the field successfully induced bunchstem necrosis (BSN) and hastened or delayed berry ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium ion delayed ripening.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“ammonium ion has a specific effect in delaying ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Agmatine was the most potent inducer of BSN.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“The most potent inducer of BSN was the amine agmatine”
Claim · model-written summary
BTOA induced BSN-like symptoms.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“the auxin benzothiazol-2-oxyacetic acid (BTOA), are new additions to the list of chemicals that induce BSN-like symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate induced BSN.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Other inducers were ammonium sulfate, abscisic acid (ABA)”
e1“The most potent inducer of BSN was the amine agmatine”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid induced BSN.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Other inducers were ammonium sulfate, abscisic acid (ABA)”
e1“The most potent inducer of BSN was the amine agmatine”
Claim · model-written summary
Released ammonium levels were uncorrelated with BSN incidence at two weeks.
- Compound
- released ammoniume0
- Outcome
- BSN incidencee0
- Direction
- no correlatione0
- Qualifier
- two weeks after perfusione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Comparison of analyses of bunchstem tissue at two weeks after perfusion showed no correlation between released ammonium levels and BSN incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Agmatine increased bunchstem ammonium.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“agmatine, which increased both ammonium and BSN”
Claim · model-written summary
Agmatine increased BSN.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“agmatine, which increased both ammonium and BSN”
Claim · model-written summary
Agmatine potency may arise from release of potentially phytotoxic putrescine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“may be due to its effect in releasing the polyamine putrescine which is potentially phytotoxic”
e1“The potency of agmatine”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracted ABA and BSN incidence were positively correlated.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Positive correlations were evident between extracted levels of ABA and BSN incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Most perfusions inducing BSN increased ABA.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“most perfusions that induced BSN caused an increase in ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and magnesium salt co-perfusion did not significantly reduce induced BSN incidence.
- Treatment
- Co-perfusion of calcium and magnesium saltse0
- Outcome
- incidence of induced BSNe0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“Co-perfusion of calcium and magnesium salts did not significantly reduce the incidence of induced BSN”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · disease · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.