Abstract
The endodermal tissue layer is found in the roots of vascular plants and functions as a semipermeable barrier, regulating the transport of solutes from the soil into the vascular stream. As a gateway for solutes, the endodermis may also serve as an important site for sensing and responding to useful or toxic substances in the environment. Here, we show that high salinity, an environmental stress widely impacting agricultural land, regulates growth of the seedling root system through a signaling network operating primarily in the endodermis. We report that salt stress induces an extended quiescent phase in postemergence lateral roots (LRs) whereby the rate of growth is suppressed for several days before recovery begins. Quiescence is correlated with sustained abscisic acid (ABA) response in LRs and is dependent upon genes necessary for ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and transcriptional regulation. We use a tissue-specific strategy to identify the key cell layers where ABA signaling acts to regulate growth. In the endodermis, misexpression of the ABA insensitive1-1 mutant protein, which dominantly inhibits ABA signaling, leads to a substantial recovery in LR growth under salt stress conditions. Gibberellic acid signaling, which antagonizes the ABA pathway, also acts primarily in the endodermis, and we define the crosstalk between these two hormones. Our results identify the endodermis as a gateway with an ABA-dependent guard, which prevents root growth into saline environments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress extended postemergence lateral-root quiescence and suppressed growth for days before recovery.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- postemergence lateral roots (LRs)e0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- rate of growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress induces an extended quiescent phase in postemergence lateral roots (LRs) whereby the rate of growth is suppressed for several days before recovery begins”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral-root quiescence correlated with sustained ABA response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Outcome
- Quiescencee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quiescence is correlated with sustained abscisic acid (ABA) response in LRs”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Quiescence depended on ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and transcriptional regulation genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- genes necessary for ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and transcriptional regulatione0
- Outcome
- Quiescencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is dependent upon genes necessary for ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and transcriptional regulation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“Quiescence is correlated with sustained abscisic acid (ABA) response in LRs”
Claim · model-written summary
Endodermal ABA insensitive1-1 misexpression substantially restored lateral-root growth under salt.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- endodermise0
- Treatment
- misexpression of the ABA insensitive1-1 mutant proteine0
- Gene
- ABA insensitive1-1 mutant proteine0
- Outcome
- LR growthe0
- Direction
- recoverye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the endodermis, misexpression of the ABA insensitive1-1 mutant protein, which dominantly inhibits ABA signaling, leads to a substantial recovery in LR growth under salt stress conditions.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid signaling antagonized ABA and acted primarily in the endodermis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- endodermise0
- Compound
- Gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- antagonizes the ABA pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid signaling, which antagonizes the ABA pathway, also acts primarily in the endodermis”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors identify an endodermal ABA guard preventing root growth into saline environments.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- endodermise0
- Outcome
- prevents root growth into saline environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the endodermis as a gateway with an ABA-dependent guard, which prevents root growth into saline environments”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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