Abstract
Three soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars (Maple Glen, Clark and CNS) were exposed to three CO 2 concentrations (370, 555 and 740 μmol mol −1 ) and three growth temperatures (20/15°, 25/20° and 31/26°C, day/night) to determine intraspecific differences in single leaf/whole plant photosynthesis, growth and partitioning, phenology and final biomass. Based on known carboxylation kinetics, a synergistic effect between temperature and CO 2 on growth and photosynthesis was predicted since elevated CO 2 increases photosynthesis by reducing photorespiration and photorespiration increases with temperature. Increasing CO 2 concentrations resulted in a stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis for 40–60 days after emergence (DAE) at 20/15°C in all cultivars and for Maple Glen and CNS at all temperatures. For Clark, however, the onset of flowering at warmer temperatures coincided with the loss of stimulation in single leaf photosynthesis at elevated CO 2 concentrations. Despite the season‐long stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis, elevated CO 2 concentrations did not increase whole plant photosynthesis except at the highest growth temperature in Maple Glen and CNS, and there was no synergistic effect on final biomass. Instead, the stimulatory effect of CO 2 on growth was delayed by higher temperatures. Data from this experiment suggest that: (1) intraspecific variation could be used to select for optimum soybean cultivars with future climate change; and (2) the relationship between temperature and CO 2 concentration may be expressed differently at the leaf and whole plant levels and may not solely reflect known changes in carboxylation kinetics.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 stimulated single-leaf photosynthesis for 40–60 days at 20/15°C in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Increasing CO 2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- single leaf photosynthesise0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- 40–60 days after emergence (DAE) at 20/15°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing CO 2 concentrations resulted in a stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis for 40–60 days after emergence (DAE) at 20/15°C in all cultivars”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 stimulated single-leaf photosynthesis in Maple Glen at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maple Glene0
- Treatment
- Increasing CO 2 concentrationse1
- Outcome
- single leaf photosynthesise1
- Direction
- stimulatione1
- Qualifier
- at all temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for Maple Glen and CNS at all temperatures”
e1“Increasing CO 2 concentrations resulted in a stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 stimulated single-leaf photosynthesis in CNS at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- CNSe0
- Treatment
- Increasing CO 2 concentrationse1
- Outcome
- single leaf photosynthesise1
- Direction
- stimulatione1
- Qualifier
- at all temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for Maple Glen and CNS at all temperatures”
e1“Increasing CO 2 concentrations resulted in a stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Clark, flowering at warmer temperatures coincided with loss of elevated-CO2 stimulation of single-leaf photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Clarke0
- Organ / stage
- onset of floweringe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- single leaf photosynthesise0
- Direction
- loss of stimulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Clark, however, the onset of flowering at warmer temperatures coincided with the loss of stimulation in single leaf photosynthesis at elevated CO 2 concentrations.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not increase whole-plant photosynthesis except at highest temperature in Maple Glen and CNS.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- whole plant photosynthesise0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- except at the highest growth temperature in Maple Glen and CNSe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO 2 concentrations did not increase whole plant photosynthesis except at the highest growth temperature in Maple Glen and CNS”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased whole-plant photosynthesis at highest temperature in Maple Glen.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maple Glene0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 concentrationse1
- Outcome
- whole plant photosynthesise1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- highest growth temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except at the highest growth temperature in Maple Glen and CNS”
e1“elevated CO 2 concentrations did not increase whole plant photosynthesis”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased whole-plant photosynthesis at highest temperature in CNS.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- CNSe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 concentrationse1
- Outcome
- whole plant photosynthesise1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- highest growth temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except at the highest growth temperature in Maple Glen and CNS”
e1“elevated CO 2 concentrations did not increase whole plant photosynthesis”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and CO2 had no synergistic effect on final biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- simultaneous increases in growth temperature and CO2e1
- Outcome
- final biomasse0
- Direction
- no synergistic effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no synergistic effect on final biomass”
e1“simultaneous increases in growth temperature and CO2”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature delayed the growth stimulation from CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- higher temperaturese0
- Outcome
- stimulatory effect of CO 2 on growthe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stimulatory effect of CO 2 on growth was delayed by higher temperatures”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest using intraspecific variation to select soybean cultivars for future climate change.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- select for optimum soybean cultivarse0
- Qualifier
- future climate changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intraspecific variation could be used to select for optimum soybean cultivars with future climate change”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and CO2 relations may differ at leaf and whole-plant levels and may not solely reflect carboxylation kinetics.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- relationship between temperature and CO 2 concentratione0
- Qualifier
- leaf and whole plant levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relationship between temperature and CO 2 concentration may be expressed differently at the leaf and whole plant levels and may not solely reflect known changes in carboxylation kinetics”
t0“soybean”
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