Abstract
Abstract Effects of foliar vs. soil nitrogen (N) application during the summer and the autumn were studied in young Fuji apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) on Malling 26 (M.26) rootstock. One‐year‐old bench‐grafted trees were potted in 3.8‐liter pots in a mix of perlite, peat moss, and loam soil (1:1:1 by volume) and were treated weekly from late June to early September with 0.5% urea either by foliar or soil application or soil application of water (control). At the end of September, five trees from each treatment were harvested, and shoot and root growth and leaf N concentration were determined. In mid‐October of the same year, trees from each treatment were randomly divided into three subgroups. One group received soil application of water (control), and the other groups received either a foliar or soil application of 3% 15N‐urea. After natural leaf defoliation, trees were harvested, and total N and 15N concentration of stems (all aboveground tissue) and roots was determined. Regardless of application method, N application during the summer promoted plant growth and increased leaf N concentration. Soil N application during the summer stimulated more shoot and extension root growth than foliar N application. In contrast, the foliar N application in the summer promoted more feeder root growth than soil N application. Regardless of application method, autumn N application after terminal bud set had little effect on current‐year growth but increased total plant N concentration. In the autumn, trees that received soil N applications in the summer had more 15N uptake by leaves, while trees receiving foliar N applications in the summer had more 15N uptake by root. These results suggest that the differential influence of N application methods during the summer on growth and partitioning of trees affects tree responsiveness to autumn N applications. The use efficiency of autumn‐applied N depends on the method of N application in the summer.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Summer nitrogen application promoted apple tree growth regardless of application method.
- Taxon
- Apple Trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- N application during the summere0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of application method, N application during the summer promoted plant growth”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer nitrogen application increased leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- N application during the summere0
- Outcome
- leaf N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application during the summer promoted plant growth and increased leaf N concentration”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer soil nitrogen stimulated more shoot and extension root growth than foliar nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Soil N application during the summere0
- Outcome
- shoot and extension root growthe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- foliar N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil N application during the summer stimulated more shoot and extension root growth than foliar N application.”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer foliar nitrogen promoted more feeder root growth than soil nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- foliar N application in the summere0
- Outcome
- feeder root growthe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- soil N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar N application in the summer promoted more feeder root growth than soil N application.”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn nitrogen application had little effect on current-year growth.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- autumn N application after terminal bud sete0
- Outcome
- current‐year growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“autumn N application after terminal bud set had little effect on current‐year growth”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn nitrogen application increased total plant nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- autumn N application after terminal bud sete0
- Outcome
- total plant N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“autumn N application after terminal bud set had little effect on current‐year growth but increased total plant N concentration”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees given summer soil nitrogen had greater autumn 15N uptake by leaves.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- soil N applications in the summere0
- Outcome
- 15N uptake by leavese0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees that received soil N applications in the summer had more 15N uptake by leaves”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees given summer foliar nitrogen had greater autumn 15N uptake by roots.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- foliar N applications in the summere0
- Outcome
- 15N uptake by roote0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees receiving foliar N applications in the summer had more 15N uptake by root”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that autumn nitrogen use efficiency depends on the summer application method.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- method of N application in the summere0
- Outcome
- use efficiency of autumn‐applied Ne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use efficiency of autumn‐applied N depends on the method of N application in the summer.”
t0“Fuji/M.26 Apple Trees”
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See all 107 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.