Abstract
The influence of 12 pesticides on acetylene reduction (N 2 fixation) and modulation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Williams 82) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. cv. Geneva) was evaluated. All pesticides except diazinon were found to be harmless to nitrogen fixation at 3× the manufacturer's recommended rate, Diazinon significantly decreased C 2 H 2 reduction of soybean 2 days after application, but not after 7 days or at normal label rates, Acetylene reduction of excised nodules imbibed with diazinon indicated that the chemical may have affected nitrogenase function directly. Soybean nodule counts were significantly decreased by application of 3× rates of methomyl and trifluralin, whereas lima bean nodule counts were decreased only by trifluralin. Tritluralin also depressed soybean modulation at label rates, but had no effect on lima bean modulation. Methomyl was innocuous to soybean modulation at the recommended label rate. Both chemicals were nontoxic to Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium sp. based on a disc inhibition study. Chemical names used: O,O -diethyl O -(2isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothiote (diazinon); S-Methul- N -((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)-thioacetimidate (methomyl); a,a,a -Trifluoro-2-6dinitro- N-N -dipropyl-p-toluidine (triflnralin).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
All tested pesticides except diazinon were harmless to nitrogen fixation at three times label rate.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- All pesticides except diazinone0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixatione0
- Direction
- harmlesse0
- Qualifier
- 3× the manufacturer's recommended ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All pesticides except diazinon were found to be harmless to nitrogen fixation at 3× the manufacturer's recommended rate”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Williams 82) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. cv. Geneva)”
Claim · model-written summary
Diazinon significantly decreased soybean acetylene reduction two days after application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Diazinone0
- Outcome
- C 2 H 2 reductione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 days after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diazinon significantly decreased C 2 H 2 reduction of soybean 2 days after application”
Claim · model-written summary
The diazinon effect on soybean acetylene reduction was absent after seven days or at label rates.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Diazinone0
- Outcome
- C 2 H 2 reductione0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- after 7 days or at normal label ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diazinon significantly decreased C 2 H 2 reduction of soybean 2 days after application, but not after 7 days or at normal label rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Excised nodule results suggested diazinon may directly affect nitrogenase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- diazinone0
- Gene
- nitrogenasee0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetylene reduction of excised nodules imbibed with diazinon indicated that the chemical may have affected nitrogenase function directly”
e1“modulation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Williams 82)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three times label rate methomyl significantly reduced soybean nodule counts.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 3× rates of methomyle0
- Outcome
- nodule countse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean nodule counts were significantly decreased by application of 3× rates of methomyl and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Three times label rate trifluralin significantly reduced soybean nodule counts.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 3× rates of methomyl and trifluraline0
- Outcome
- nodule countse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean nodule counts were significantly decreased by application of 3× rates of methomyl and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin reduced lima bean nodule counts.
- Taxon
- lima bean
Phaseolus lunatuse0 - Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- nodule countse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lima bean nodule counts were decreased only by trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin depressed soybean nodulation at label rates.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Tritluraline0
- Outcome
- modulatione0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Qualifier
- at label ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tritluralin also depressed soybean modulation at label rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin had no effect on lima bean nodulation at label rates.
- Taxon
- lima beanPhaseolus lunatuse0
- Treatment
- Tritluraline0
- Outcome
- modulatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tritluralin also depressed soybean modulation at label rates, but had no effect on lima bean modulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Methomyl at label rate was harmless to soybean nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Methomyle0
- Outcome
- modulatione0
- Direction
- innocuouse0
- Qualifier
- recommended label ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methomyl was innocuous to soybean modulation at the recommended label rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Methomyl and trifluralin were nontoxic to Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium in a disc assay.
- Taxon
- Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium sp.
Bradyrhizobium
Rhizobiume0 - Treatment
- methomyl and trifluraline1
- Outcome
- nontoxice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both chemicals were nontoxic to Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium sp. based on a disc inhibition study”
e1“methomyl and trifluralin”
The same questions in other papers
diazinon · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
trifluralin · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →methomyl · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
trifluralin · symbiosis · Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
insecticide · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.