Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of foliar iron (Fe) applied with postemergence herbicides on injury, color, and quality of `Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Iron significantly decreased injury and improved quality and color of `Tifway' bermudagrass in conjunction with herbicide treatment. Turf injury was less for 4 to 18 days after the initial MSMA application when Fe was added. Injury was also less from sequential Fe treatment with MSMA + metribuzin (up to 4 days) and MSMA + imazaquin (from 4 to 10 days) compared to the respective herbicides applied alone. There was no difference in turf injury from Fe when imazaquin at 1.3 kg·ha -1 was applied as a single treatment. However, turf treated with Fe and two applications of imazaquin (9- to 10-day interval) recovered from herbicide injury faster than when treated only with the herbicide. Iron did not prevent immediate 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba injury to the bermudagrass, but did hasten turf recovery from injury at 26 days after treatment. With a few exceptions, `Tifway' bermudagrass quality was higher and color improved when Fe was added. However, injury expressed as loss of shoot density was not affected by Fe and only injury expressed as color loss was improved by Fe. Chemical names used: 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl)-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (imazaquin), (±)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (mecoprop), 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (metribuzin), monosodium salt of MAA (MSMA), and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Adding iron to herbicide treatments reduced Tifway bermudagrass injury.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0 - Material
- `Tifway'e0
- Treatment
- Irone0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron significantly decreased injury and improved quality and color of `Tifway' bermudagrass in conjunction with herbicide treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding iron to herbicide treatments improved turf quality and color.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Material
- `Tifway'e0
- Treatment
- Irone0
- Outcome
- quality and colore0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron significantly decreased injury and improved quality and color of `Tifway' bermudagrass in conjunction with herbicide treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron reduced turf injury for 4 to 18 days after initial MSMA application.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Turf injurye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- for 4 to 18 days after the initial MSMA applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“Turf injury was less for 4 to 18 days after the initial MSMA application when Fe was added.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential iron with MSMA plus metribuzin reduced injury for up to four days relative to herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- sequential Fe treatment with MSMA + metribuzine0
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- up to 4 dayse0
- Comparator
- the respective herbicides applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“Injury was also less from sequential Fe treatment with MSMA + metribuzin (up to 4 days) and MSMA + imazaquin (from 4 to 10 days) compared to the respective herbicides applied alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential iron with MSMA plus imazaquin reduced injury from days four to ten relative to herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fe treatment with MSMA + metribuzine0
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- from 4 to 10 dayse0
- Comparator
- the respective herbicides applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“Injury was also less from sequential Fe treatment with MSMA + metribuzin (up to 4 days) and MSMA + imazaquin (from 4 to 10 days) compared to the respective herbicides applied alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron did not change turf injury after one application of imazaquin at 1.3 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- turf injurye0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Qualifier
- imazaquin at 1.3 kg·ha -1 was applied as a single treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“There was no difference in turf injury from Fe when imazaquin at 1.3 kg·ha -1 was applied as a single treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron sped recovery after two imazaquin applications compared with herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fe and two applications of imazaquine0
- Outcome
- recovered from herbicide injurye0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- 9- to 10-day intervale0
- Comparator
- only with the herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“turf treated with Fe and two applications of imazaquin (9- to 10-day interval) recovered from herbicide injury faster than when treated only with the herbicide.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron did not prevent immediate injury from 2,4-D, mecoprop and dicamba.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- Irone0
- Outcome
- immediate 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba injurye0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“Iron did not prevent immediate 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba injury to the bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron accelerated recovery from 2,4-D, mecoprop and dicamba injury at day 26.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- Irone0
- Outcome
- turf recovery from injurye0
- Direction
- hastene0
- Qualifier
- at 26 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“Iron did not prevent immediate 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba injury to the bermudagrass, but did hasten turf recovery from injury at 26 days after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron generally improved Tifway bermudagrass quality and color.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Material
- `Tifway'e0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- With a few exceptionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a few exceptions, `Tifway' bermudagrass quality was higher and color improved when Fe was added.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron did not affect injury measured as shoot density loss.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- injury expressed as loss of shoot densitye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“injury expressed as loss of shoot density was not affected by Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron improved injury measured as color loss.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- injury expressed as color losse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bermudagrass”
e0“only injury expressed as color loss was improved by Fe”
The same questions in other papers
imazaquin · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
metribuzin · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →iron atom · crop injury · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
iron atom · quality: postharvest · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.