Abstract
A good understanding of the fate of photosynthetically-fixed carbon (C) in the plant-soil system following fertilization is crucial to manage agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to analyse the allocation of C fixed by soybean and its response to long-term fertilization. We conducted a 13 C pulse labelling experiment, using soybean grown in Phaeozem (PH) soils (FAO) under five fertilization treatments: inorganic fertilization (NPK, NP, NK), inorganic and organic fertilization (NPKM) and no fertilization (CK) as control. The 13 C pulse labelling was conducted at full pod (R 4 ) stage. Results showed that fertilization always increased C accumulation in the biomass of soybean plants, with the highest C content measured in the NPKM treatment (35%) and lower values observed in NP, NK and CK than in the NPK treatment. The net C fixed after labelling varied between 8.6 and 21.4 mg 13 C per plant with maximal values observed in the NPKM treatment. More than 4/5 of the fixed 13 C was found in shoots at day 0. The label was exported from shoots to roots with 53.3% remaining in shoots and 7.5% measured in roots at day 7 after labelling. The percent of net fixed C incorporated into soils was also affected by fertilization. Compared to CK, the incorporation of 13 C into soils was 24.4, 14.8, 18.2 and 50.8 % in NP, NK, NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively. The net accumulation of labelled C in soils changed with fertilization from 160 to 564 kg ha -1 C season -1 . This indicates that
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased carbon accumulation in soybean biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- C accumulation in the biomass of soybean plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that fertilization always increased C accumulation in the biomass of soybean plants, with the highest C content measured in the NPKM treatment (35%) and lower values observed in NP, NK and CK than in the NPK treatment.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM had the highest carbon content, 35%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that fertilization always increased C accumulation in the biomass of soybean plants, with the highest C content measured in the NPKM treatment (35%) and lower values observed in NP, NK and CK than in the NPK treatment.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NP, NK and CK had lower carbon values than NPK.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NP, NK and CKe0
- Outcome
- C contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- NPK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that fertilization always increased C accumulation in the biomass of soybean plants, with the highest C content measured in the NPKM treatment (35%) and lower values observed in NP, NK and CK than in the NPK treatment.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Net fixed carbon ranged from 8.6 to 21.4 mg 13 C per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- net C fixed after labellinge0
- Value
- 8.6 and 21.4 mg 13 C per plante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net C fixed after labelling varied between 8.6 and 21.4 mg 13 C per plant with maximal values observed in the NPKM treatment.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM produced maximal fixed carbon.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NPKM treatmente0
- Outcome
- net C fixed after labellinge0
- Direction
- maximale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net C fixed after labelling varied between 8.6 and 21.4 mg 13 C per plant with maximal values observed in the NPKM treatment.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
More than four fifths of fixed carbon was in shoots at day 0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- fixed 13 Ce0
- Value
- More than 4/5e0
- Qualifier
- day 0e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 4/5 of the fixed 13 C was found in shoots at day 0.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
By day 7, 53.3% of label remained in shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- labele0
- Value
- 53.3%e0
- Qualifier
- day 7 after labellinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The label was exported from shoots to roots with 53.3% remaining in shoots and 7.5% measured in roots at day 7 after labelling.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
By day 7, 7.5% of label was in roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- labele0
- Value
- 7.5%e0
- Qualifier
- day 7 after labellinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The label was exported from shoots to roots with 53.3% remaining in shoots and 7.5% measured in roots at day 7 after labelling.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization affected the percentage of fixed carbon incorporated into soil.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- percent of net fixed C incorporated into soilse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent of net fixed C incorporated into soils was also affected by fertilization.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NP incorporated 24.4% carbon into soils relative to CK.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NPe0
- Outcome
- incorporation of 13 C into soilse0
- Value
- 24.4e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, the incorporation of 13 C into soils was 24.4, 14.8, 18.2 and 50.8 % in NP, NK, NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NK incorporated 14.8% carbon into soils relative to CK.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NKe0
- Outcome
- incorporation of 13 C into soilse0
- Value
- 14.8e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, the incorporation of 13 C into soils was 24.4, 14.8, 18.2 and 50.8 % in NP, NK, NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK incorporated 18.2% carbon into soils relative to CK.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NPKe0
- Outcome
- incorporation of 13 C into soilse0
- Value
- 18.2e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, the incorporation of 13 C into soils was 24.4, 14.8, 18.2 and 50.8 % in NP, NK, NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM incorporated 50.8% carbon into soils relative to CK.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NPKMe0
- Outcome
- incorporation of 13 C into soilse0
- Value
- 50.8 %e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, the incorporation of 13 C into soils was 24.4, 14.8, 18.2 and 50.8 % in NP, NK, NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively.”
t0“soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil labeled carbon accumulation varied from 160 to 564 kg ha -1 C season -1 with fertilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- net accumulation of labelled C in soilse0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- 160 to 564 kg ha -1 C season -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net accumulation of labelled C in soils changed with fertilization from 160 to 564 kg ha -1 C season -1 .”
t0“soybean crops”
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