Abstract
Soybeans are an important source of tocopherols, which have health-beneficial properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that environmental factors may affect soybean tocopherol concentrations; the impact of specific crop management strategies, however, remains poorly understood. Experiments were conducted for 2 years at three sites in Quebec to determine the impact on soybean tocopherol concentrations of seeding rate, row spacing, seeding date, cultivar, and P and K fertilization. Total and alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, alpha-tocopherol was the most responsive to the factors evaluated; the response of other tocopherols was often lower or inconsistent across environments. The seeding rate affected alpha-tocopherol concentrations in three out of five environments; seeding at a rate of 40 seeds m(-2) resulted in 4% higher concentrations than seeding at a higher rate. Wide row spacing (more than 36 cm) resulted in two out of five environments in 6% higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations as compared to narrower row spacing. The seeding date had a greater impact; mid- to late-May seeding across four environments resulted in 45% greater alpha-tocopherol concentrations than seeding at later dates. Phosphorus and K fertilization had a negligible impact on tocopherol concentrations. Across experiments, large differences were observed between environments; plants grown in northern environments consistently had lower concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols but higher concentrations of delta-tocopherol. Differences between cultivars were also consistent, ranging between 10 and 30%, depending on the tocopherol. Results demonstrate that soybean tocopherol concentrations are affected by crop management and thus suggest that specific recommended agronomic practices may need to be established for the production of soybeans for the functional food market.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-tocopherol was the tocopherol most responsive to the factors evaluated in soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- alpha-tocopherole0
- Direction
- most responsivee0
- Qualifier
- to the factors evaluatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e0“Overall, alpha-tocopherol was the most responsive to the factors evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
A seeding rate of 40 seeds m(-2) gave 4% higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations than a higher seeding rate, in three of five environments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seeding at a rate of 40 seeds m(-2)e1
- Outcome
- alpha-tocopherol concentrationse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4%e1
- Qualifier
- three out of five environmentse1
- Comparator
- seeding at a higher ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e1“The seeding rate affected alpha-tocopherol concentrations in three out of five environments; seeding at a rate of 40 seeds m(-2) resulted in 4% higher concentrations than seeding at a higher rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Wide row spacing (more than 36 cm) gave 6% higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations than narrower row spacing, in two of five environments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Wide row spacing (more than 36 cm)e2
- Outcome
- alpha-tocopherol concentrationse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 6%e2
- Qualifier
- two out of five environmentse2
- Comparator
- narrower row spacinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e2“Wide row spacing (more than 36 cm) resulted in two out of five environments in 6% higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations as compared to narrower row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid- to late-May seeding gave 45% greater alpha-tocopherol concentrations than seeding at later dates, across four environments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mid- to late-May seedinge3
- Outcome
- alpha-tocopherol concentrationse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- 45%e3
- Qualifier
- across four environmentse3
- Comparator
- seeding at later datese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e3“The seeding date had a greater impact; mid- to late-May seeding across four environments resulted in 45% greater alpha-tocopherol concentrations than seeding at later dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and K fertilization had a negligible effect on soybean tocopherol concentrations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus and K fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- tocopherol concentrationse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- negligible impacte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e4“Phosphorus and K fertilization had a negligible impact on tocopherol concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Across experiments, there were large differences in soybean tocopherol concentrations between environments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- large differencese5
- Qualifier
- between environmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e5“Across experiments, large differences were observed between environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans grown in northern environments consistently had lower alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherolse6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Setting
- northern environmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e6“plants grown in northern environments consistently had lower concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols but higher concentrations of delta-tocopherol”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans grown in northern environments had higher delta-tocopherol concentrations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- concentrations of delta-tocopherole6
- Direction
- highere6
- Setting
- northern environmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e6“plants grown in northern environments consistently had lower concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols but higher concentrations of delta-tocopherol”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar differences in tocopherol concentrations ranged between 10 and 30% depending on the tocopherol.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Differences between cultivarse7
- Value
- 10 and 30%e7
- Qualifier
- depending on the tocopherole7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e7“Differences between cultivars were also consistent, ranging between 10 and 30%, depending on the tocopherol”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean tocopherol concentrations are affected by crop management.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- crop managemente1
- Outcome
- tocopherol concentrationse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e1“Results demonstrate that soybean tocopherol concentrations are affected by crop management”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific recommended agronomic practices may need to be established for soybean production for the functional food market.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- specific recommended agronomic practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Tocopherol Concentrations Are Affected by Crop Management”
e1“specific recommended agronomic practices may need to be established for the production of soybeans for the functional food market”
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See all 87 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.