Abstract
Plants respond to changes in the environment with complex signaling networks, often under control of phytohormones that generate positive and negative crosstalk among downstream effectors of the response. Accordingly, brief dehydration stresses such as salinity and water deficit, which induce a rapid and transient systemic increase in levels of abscisic acid (ABA), can influence disease response pathways. ABA has been associated with susceptibility of plants to bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes but relatively little attention has been directed at its role in abiotic stress predisposition to root pathogens. This study examines the impact of brief salinity stress on infection of tomato and chrysanthemum roots by Phytophthora spp. Roots of plants in hydroponic culture exposed to a brief episode of salt (sodium chloride) stress prior to or after inoculation were severely diseased relative to nonstressed plants. Tomato roots remained in a predisposed state up to 24 h following removal from the stress. An increase in root ABA levels in tomato preceded or temporally paralleled the onset of stress-induced susceptibility, with levels declining in roots prior to recovery from the predisposed state. Exogenous ABA could substitute for salt stress and significantly enhanced pathogen colonization and disease development. ABA-deficient tomato mutants lacked the predisposition response, which could be restored by complementation of the mutant with exogenous ABA. In contrast, ethylene, which exacerbates disease symptoms in some host-parasite interactions, did not appear to contribute to the predisposition response. Thus, several lines of evidence support ABA as a critical and dominant factor in the salinity-induced predisposition to Phytophthora spp. infection.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Brief salt stress made tomato and chrysanthemum roots severely diseased by Phytophthora relative to nonstressed plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato and Chrysanthemum
Solanum lycopersicum.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- brief episode of salt (sodium chloride) stresse1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora
Phytophthorat0pathogen - Outcome
- diseasede1
- Direction
- severely diseasede1
- Comparator
- nonstressed plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Abscisic Acid in Salt Stress Predisposition to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Tomato and Chrysanthemum”
e1“Roots of plants in hydroponic culture exposed to a brief episode of salt (sodium chloride) stress prior to or after inoculation were severely diseased relative to nonstressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato roots stayed in a predisposed state for up to 24 h after removal from salt stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- predisposed statee2
- Value
- up to 24 he2
- Qualifier
- following removal from the stresse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tomato roots remained in a predisposed state up to 24 h following removal from the stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Root ABA levels in tomato increased and preceded or paralleled the onset of stress-induced susceptibility.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Compound
- ABAe3
- Outcome
- root ABA levelse3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- preceded or temporally paralleled the onset of stress-induced susceptibilitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“An increase in root ABA levels in tomato preceded or temporally paralleled the onset of stress-induced susceptibility”
Claim · model-written summary
Root ABA levels in tomato declined before roots recovered from the predisposed state.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Compound
- ABAe3
- Outcome
- root ABA levelse3
- Direction
- declininge4
- Qualifier
- prior to recovery from the predisposed statee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“An increase in root ABA levels in tomato preceded or temporally paralleled the onset of stress-induced susceptibility”
e4“with levels declining in roots prior to recovery from the predisposed state”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA could substitute for salt stress and significantly enhanced pathogen colonization and disease development in tomato and chrysanthemum.
- Taxon
- Tomato and ChrysanthemumSolanum lycopersicumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ABAe5
- Outcome
- pathogen colonization and disease developmente5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Comparator
- salt stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abscisic Acid in Salt Stress Predisposition to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Tomato and Chrysanthemum”
e5“Exogenous ABA could substitute for salt stress and significantly enhanced pathogen colonization and disease development”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-deficient tomato mutants lacked the predisposition response to salt stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Material
- ABA-deficient tomato mutantse6
- Outcome
- predisposition responsee6
- Direction
- lackede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“ABA-deficient tomato mutants lacked the predisposition response”
Claim · model-written summary
Complementing the ABA-deficient tomato mutant with exogenous ABA restored the predisposition response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- complementation of the mutant with exogenous ABAe7
- Outcome
- predisposition responsee6
- Direction
- restorede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“ABA-deficient tomato mutants lacked the predisposition response”
e7“which could be restored by complementation of the mutant with exogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene did not appear to contribute to the predisposition response.
- Taxon
- Tomato and ChrysanthemumSolanum lycopersicumChrysanthemumt0
- Compound
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- predisposition responsee1
- Direction
- did not appear to contributee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abscisic Acid in Salt Stress Predisposition to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Tomato and Chrysanthemum”
e1“ethylene, which exacerbates disease symptoms in some host-parasite interactions, did not appear to contribute to the predisposition response”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA is a critical and dominant factor in the salinity-induced predisposition to Phytophthora infection.
- Taxon
- Tomato and ChrysanthemumSolanum lycopersicumChrysanthemumt0
- Compound
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- salinity-induced predisposition to Phytophthora spp. infectione1
- Qualifier
- critical and dominant factore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abscisic Acid in Salt Stress Predisposition to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Tomato and Chrysanthemum”
e1“several lines of evidence support ABA as a critical and dominant factor in the salinity-induced predisposition to Phytophthora spp. infection”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · disease · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
salinity · Phytophthora · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.