Abstract
The mechanisms regulating Ca(2+) partitioning and allocation in plants and fruit remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine Ca(2+) partitioning and allocation in tomato plants and fruit in response to whole-plant and fruit-specific abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, as well as to analyse the effect of changes in Ca(2+) partitioning and allocation on fruit susceptibility to the Ca(2+) deficiency disorder blossom-end rot (BER) under water stress conditions. Tomato plants of the cultivar Ace 55 (Vf) were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to low Ca(2+) conditions during fruit growth and development. Starting 1 day after pollination (DAP), the following treatments were initiated: (i) whole plants were sprayed weekly with deionized water (control) or (ii) with 500mg l(-1) ABA; or fruit on each plant were dipped weekly (iii) in deionized water (control) or (iv) in 500mg l(-1) ABA. At 15 DAP, BER was completely prevented by whole-plant or fruit-specific ABA treatments, whereas plants or fruit treated with water had 16-19% BER incidence. At 30 DAP, BER was prevented by the whole-plant ABA treatment, whereas fruit dipped in ABA had a 16% and water-treated plants or fruit had a 36-40% incidence of BER. The results showed that spraying the whole plant with ABA increases xylem sap flow and Ca(2+) movement into the fruit, resulting in higher fruit tissue and water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrations that prevent BER development. Although fruit-specific ABA treatment had no effect on xylem sap flow rates or Ca(2+) movement into the fruit, it increased fruit tissue water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrations and reduced fruit susceptibility to BER to a lesser extent.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 DAP whole-plant ABA completely prevented BER.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- whole-plante0
- Outcome
- BERe0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Value
- 16-19%e0
- Qualifier
- 15 DAPe0
- Comparator
- plants or fruit treated with watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 15 DAP, BER was completely prevented by whole-plant or fruit-specific ABA treatments, whereas plants or fruit treated with water had 16-19% BER incidence.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 DAP fruit-specific ABA completely prevented BER.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fruit-specific ABA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- BERe0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Value
- 16-19%e0
- Qualifier
- 15 DAPe0
- Comparator
- plants or fruit treated with watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 15 DAP, BER was completely prevented by whole-plant or fruit-specific ABA treatments, whereas plants or fruit treated with water had 16-19% BER incidence.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 DAP whole-plant ABA prevented BER.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- whole-plant ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- BERe0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 36-40%e0
- Qualifier
- 30 DAPe0
- Comparator
- water-treated plants or fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 30 DAP, BER was prevented by the whole-plant ABA treatment, whereas fruit dipped in ABA had a 16% and water-treated plants or fruit had a 36-40% incidence of BER.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 DAP fruit dipped in ABA had 16% BER incidence versus 36–40% with water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fruit dipped in ABAe0
- Outcome
- incidence of BERe0
- Direction
- wherease0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- 36-40%e0
- Comparator
- water-treated plants or fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 30 DAP, BER was prevented by the whole-plant ABA treatment, whereas fruit dipped in ABA had a 16% and water-treated plants or fruit had a 36-40% incidence of BER.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant ABA spraying increased xylem sap flow.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spraying the whole plant with ABAe0
- Outcome
- xylem sap flowe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying the whole plant with ABA increases xylem sap flow and Ca(2+) movement into the fruit”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant ABA spraying increased Ca(2+) movement into fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spraying the whole plant with ABAe0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) movement into the fruite0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying the whole plant with ABA increases xylem sap flow and Ca(2+) movement into the fruit”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant ABA led to higher fruit tissue and water-soluble apoplastic calcium concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spraying the whole plant with ABAe1
- Outcome
- fruit tissue and water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in higher fruit tissue and water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrations”
t0“tomato plants”
e1“spraying the whole plant with ABA increases xylem sap flow and Ca(2+) movement into the fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit-specific ABA had no effect on xylem sap flow or Ca(2+) movement into fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fruit-specific ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- xylem sap flow rates or Ca(2+) movement into the fruite0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although fruit-specific ABA treatment had no effect on xylem sap flow rates or Ca(2+) movement into the fruit”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit-specific ABA increased fruit tissue water-soluble apoplastic calcium concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fruit-specific ABA treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit tissue water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased fruit tissue water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrations”
t0“tomato plants”
e1“fruit-specific ABA treatment had no effect on xylem sap flow rates or Ca(2+) movement into the fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit-specific ABA reduced BER susceptibility to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fruit-specific ABA treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit susceptibility to BERe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced fruit susceptibility to BER to a lesser extent.”
t0“tomato plants”
e1“fruit-specific ABA treatment had no effect on xylem sap flow rates or Ca(2+) movement into the fruit”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 12 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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application · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.