Abstract
Abstract Surveys on the occurrence of type A trichothecenes in wheat, and particularly for the T‐2 and HT ‐2 toxins, and information on the biology and epidemiology of the causative Fusarium species (i.e. F. langsethiae , F. sporotrichioides ) are scarce in Italy, as compared to the more common type B trichothecene, deoxynivalenol and its producers. This 4‐year monitoring of phytopathogenic Fusarium species on 183 seed lots of durum wheat shows wide distribution of F. langsethiae in Italy and the potential of several isolates of this fungus to produce high amounts of T‐2 and HT ‐2 in wheat. Fusarium langsethiae was observed for approximately 48% of the analysed samples, with a maximum incidence for a single lot of 10.5%. Fusarium sporotrichioides was observed only in 2011, with an average incidence of 2% (range, 0–3%). A collection of F. langsethiae isolates representative of the main cultivation areas in Italy was established. These isolates showed great variability for their toxin production in vitro . Of 28 strains, all except one isolate can produce the T‐2 and HT ‐2 toxins. HT ‐2 was generally in greater amounts than T‐2, with an average concentration ratio for HT ‐2 to T‐2 of 2.1 (range, 0.7–5.4). The artificial inoculation of wheat with three isolates of F. langsethiae produced no Fusarium head blight symptoms under field conditions. However, significantly higher incidence of F. langsethiae was seen on the kernels of inoculated plants, compared to the uninoculated controls.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
F. langsethiae occurred in approximately 48% of durum wheat samples.
- Taxon
- Durum Wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Interactor
- Fusarium langsethiaeFusarium langsethiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium langsethiae was observede0
- Value
- approximately 48%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium langsethiae was observed for approximately 48% of the analysed samples, with a maximum incidence for a single lot of 10.5%”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum F. langsethiae incidence in one wheat lot was 10.5%.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium langsethiaeFusarium langsethiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- maximum incidencee0
- Value
- 10.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium langsethiae was observed for approximately 48% of the analysed samples, with a maximum incidence for a single lot of 10.5%”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. sporotrichioides occurred only in 2011, averaging 2% incidence.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium sporotrichioidesFusarium sporotrichioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium sporotrichioides was observede0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Qualifier
- only in 2011e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium sporotrichioides was observed only in 2011, with an average incidence of 2% (range, 0–3%)”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. langsethiae isolates varied greatly in in vitro toxin production.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- toxin production in vitroe0
- Direction
- great variabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These isolates showed great variability for their toxin production in vitro”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All but one of 28 F. langsethiae strains produced T-2 and HT-2 toxins.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- produce the T‐2 and HT ‐2 toxinse0
- Value
- 28 strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of 28 strains, all except one isolate can produce the T‐2 and HT ‐2 toxins”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HT-2 concentrations generally exceeded T-2, with average ratio 2.1.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- HT ‐2e0
- Direction
- greater amountse0
- Value
- 2.1e0
- Qualifier
- range, 0.7–5.4e0
- Comparator
- T‐2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT ‐2 was generally in greater amounts than T‐2, with an average concentration ratio for HT ‐2 to T‐2 of 2.1 (range, 0.7–5.4)”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial F. langsethiae inoculation produced no head blight symptoms in wheat under field conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- artificial inoculation of wheat with three isolates of F. langsethiaee0
- Interactor
- F. langsethiaeFusarium langsethiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium head blight symptomse0
- Direction
- noe0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The artificial inoculation of wheat with three isolates of F. langsethiae produced no Fusarium head blight symptoms under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
F. langsethiae incidence on wheat kernels was significantly higher after inoculation.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- F. langsethiaeFusarium langsethiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of F. langsethiaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher incidence of F. langsethiae was seen on the kernels of inoculated plants, compared to the uninoculated controls”
t0“Durum Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium langsethiae · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
inoculation · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.