Abstract
The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China, has recently become popular for its food and pharmaceutical properties. The aims of this study were to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of essential oil and other aril extracts as antifungal agents. The chemical components of the oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The results revealed the existence of more than 57 compounds in the volatile fraction, of which the main compounds were limonene (16.789%) and β-pinene (8.553%). The aril oil and organic extracts showed remarkable antifungal property against five commercially important plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Pyricularia oryzae, Bipolaris maydis, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Alternaria solani). The EC50 ranged from 0.608-1.249 mg mL-1 and 0.241-1.350 mg mL-1 , respectively. The oil had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all tested plant pathogens in vitro. Moreover, aril essential oil significantly reduced the damage areas produced by Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Alternaria solani on cucumber leaves and tomato fruits, respectively. The relative control efficiency (92.25%) was higher for essential oil treated cucumber leaves than that of Carbendazim treated leaves (84.27%). This is the first study that demonstrates T. grandis 'Merrilli' aril oil and its organic extracts possess a wide range of antifungal activity. They therefore have the potential of becoming an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling economically important plant fungal diseases.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Aril oil of Torreya grandis Merrilli had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of plant pathogens in vitro.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'
Torreya grandise0 - Treatment
- aril oile2
- Interactor
- plant pathogense1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione1
- Direction
- detrimentale1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e1“The oil had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all tested plant pathogens in vitro”
e2“The aril oil and organic extracts showed remarkable antifungal property against five commercially important plant pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Aril oil and organic extracts of Torreya grandis Merrilli showed remarkable antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'Torreya grandise0
- Treatment
- aril oil and organic extractse2
- Interactor
- plant pathogenic fungie2pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal propertye2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e2“The aril oil and organic extracts showed remarkable antifungal property against five commercially important plant pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
EC50 values of the aril extracts against the tested plant pathogens ranged from 0.608-1.249 mg mL-1 and 0.241-1.350 mg mL-1 for the two groups.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'Torreya grandise0
- Outcome
- EC50e3
- Value
- 0.608-1.249 mg mL-1e3
- Qualifier
- 0.241-1.350 mg mL-1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e3“The EC50 ranged from 0.608-1.249 mg mL-1 and 0.241-1.350 mg mL-1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aril essential oil significantly reduced the damage area caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse4 - Treatment
- aril essential oile4
- Interactor
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Pseudoperonospora cubensise4pathogen - Outcome
- damage arease4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e4“aril essential oil significantly reduced the damage areas produced by Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Alternaria solani on cucumber leaves and tomato fruits, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aril essential oil significantly reduced the damage area caused by Alternaria solani on tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume4 - Treatment
- aril essential oile4
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie4pathogen - Outcome
- damage arease4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e4“aril essential oil significantly reduced the damage areas produced by Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Alternaria solani on cucumber leaves and tomato fruits, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative control efficiency on cucumber leaves was higher for essential oil than for carbendazim (92.25% vs 84.27%).
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- essential oile6
- Outcome
- relative control efficiencye6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 92.25%e6
- Qualifier
- 84.27%e6
- Comparator
- Carbendazime6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e6“The relative control efficiency (92.25%) was higher for essential oil treated cucumber leaves than that of Carbendazim treated leaves (84.27%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The volatile fraction of the aril oil contained more than 57 compounds.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'Torreya grandise0
- Outcome
- compounds in the volatile fractione5
- Value
- more than 57 compoundse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e5“The results revealed the existence of more than 57 compounds in the volatile fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Limonene was the main compound of the aril oil at 16.789%.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'Torreya grandise0
- Outcome
- limonenee7
- Value
- 16.789%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e7“of which the main compounds were limonene (16.789%) and β-pinene (8.553%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-pinene was a main compound of the aril oil at 8.553%.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'Torreya grandise0
- Outcome
- β-pinenee7
- Value
- 8.553%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e7“of which the main compounds were limonene (16.789%) and β-pinene (8.553%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Torreya grandis Merrilli aril oil has potential as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling plant fungal diseases.
- Taxon
- Torreya grandis 'Merrilli'Torreya grandise0
- Outcome
- alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling economically important plant fungal diseasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed aril of Torreya grandis 'Merrilli', a native conifer from China”
e1“They therefore have the potential of becoming an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling economically important plant fungal diseases”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · control · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 15 papers →botanical · Alternaria solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- positive
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See all 28 papers →botanical · Pseudoperonospora cubensis · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.