Abstract
We investigated the influences of fertilization using fresh and composted sewage sludge with the addition of calcium oxide, brown coal ash, straw, and sawdust on the yield and nitrogen content in maize biomass, as well as the values of utilization coefficient. The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar. Lower yields were achieved when sewage sludge with calcium oxide and straw were used. Amounts of harvested maize biomass from objects fertilized with fresh and composted sewage sludge were similar. The highest efficiency of 1g nitrogen was recorded when the mixture of sewage sludge with brown coal ash was applied. The largest nitrogen concentrations were observed in maize amended with sewage sludge with calcium oxide, while slightly less – after adding the sewage sludge only and sludge with brown coal ash. The lowest nitrogen content was determined in biomass harvested from objects fertilized with mixtures of sewage sludge with sawdust and straw. The coefficient values of nitrogen utilization by maize were similar for all three series of experiments on objects fertilized with the sewage sludge only as well as sludge with calcium oxide and brown coal ash addition; slightly lower values were recorded when sewage sludge plus sawdust and straw were added. No significant influence of composting the sewage sludge from Siedlce on nitrogen content and its utilization coefficient for nitrogen was observed. On the other hand, composted sewage sludge from Łukow enhanced the content and nitrogen utilization by the test plant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Maize biomass yield with only sewage sludge, or sludge with brown coal ash or sawdust, was similar.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield was lower when sewage sludge was combined with calcium oxide and straw.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar”
e2“Lower yields were achieved when sewage sludge with calcium oxide and straw were used”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest nitrogen concentrations were found in maize amended with sewage sludge with calcium oxide, slightly more than with sewage sludge only or with brown coal ash.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge with calcium oxidee3
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentrationse3
- Direction
- largeste3
- Comparator
- sewage sludge onlye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The largest nitrogen concentrations were observed in maize amended with sewage sludge with calcium oxide”
e4“slightly less – after adding the sewage sludge only and sludge with brown coal ash”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest nitrogen content in maize biomass was found with mixtures of sewage sludge with sawdust and straw.
- Treatment
- mixtures of sewage sludge with sawdust and strawe5
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente5
- Direction
- loweste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar”
e5“The lowest nitrogen content was determined in biomass harvested from objects fertilized with mixtures of sewage sludge with sawdust and straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Composting the sewage sludge from Siedlce had no significant influence on maize nitrogen content or its utilization coefficient.
- Treatment
- composting the sewage sludge from Siedlcee6
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente6
- Direction
- No significant influencee6
- Setting
- Siedlcee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar”
e6“No significant influence of composting the sewage sludge from Siedlce on nitrogen content and its utilization coefficient for nitrogen was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted sewage sludge from Łukow enhanced maize nitrogen content and nitrogen utilization.
- Treatment
- composted sewage sludge from Łukowe7
- Outcome
- content and nitrogen utilizatione7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Setting
- Łukowe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar”
e7“composted sewage sludge from Łukow enhanced the content and nitrogen utilization by the test plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen utilization coefficient values of maize were similar for sewage sludge only and for sludge with calcium oxide or brown coal ash.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge onlye7
- Outcome
- coefficient values of nitrogen utilizatione7
- Direction
- were similare7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The coefficient values of nitrogen utilization by maize were similar for all three series of experiments on objects fertilized with the sewage sludge only as well as sludge with calcium oxide and brown coal ash addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Slightly lower nitrogen utilization coefficient values in maize were recorded with sewage sludge plus sawdust and straw.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass yields of maize fertilized with only sewage sludge, as well as sludge with brown coal ash and sawdust, were similar”
e2“slightly lower values were recorded when sewage sludge plus sawdust and straw were added”
The same questions in other papers
calcium oxide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →organic · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →organic · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 98 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
116 papers more in this group
See all 120 papers →fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
196 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
242 papers more in this group
See all 246 papers →organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 330 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
369 papers more in this group
See all 373 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
137 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,026 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,160 papers more in this group
See all 1,164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.