Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources of ammonium sulphate and municipal sewage sludge on yield, N content and uptake of the maize (Zea mays L.). Nutrient and heavy metals were determined in soil and plant. The experiment with three sludge rates (256, 513 and 1026 kg total N ha−1 or 9.5, 18.0 and 38.1 t ha−1 sludge), two nitrogen rates (80 and 160 kg N ha−1) and zero-N control were conducted on a clay loam soils under irrigated conditions in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application. 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain. However, 38.1 t ha−1 sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn. DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha−1 sewage sludge, whereas applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn, We conclude that if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha−1 could be accepted. However, this means also that the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge significantly increased maize yield, nitrogen content and total nitrogen uptake.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application”
Claim · model-written summary
The two lower sludge rates did not significantly affect heavy metal content of maize leaf and grain.
- Treatment
- 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sewage sludge applicationse0
- Outcome
- heavy metal content of leaf and graine0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sludge rate increased leaf lead and zinc.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“38.1 t ha−1 sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sludge rate increased DTPA-extractable soil Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn.
- Treatment
- applications of 38.1 t ha−1 sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha−1 sewage sludge”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower sludge rates elevated soil copper and zinc.
- Treatment
- applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sludgee0
- Outcome
- levels of Cu and Zne0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors accept sewage sludge application up to 19 t ha−1 for maize production.
- Outcome
- applications rate up to 19 t ha−1 could be acceptede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha−1 could be accepted”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend inorganic nitrogen to supply the maize nitrogen requirement left unmet by sludge.
- Outcome
- the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N”
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329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 373 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.