Abstract
Abstract Increasing temperature due to global warming has emerged one of the gravest threats to rice production. This study examined the influence of high temperature and exogenously applied plant growth regulators on pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of two rice cultivars ( IR ‐64 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ)). Plants were subjected to high day temperature ( HDT ), high night temperature ( HNT ) and control temperature ( CT ) in controlled growth chambers. Four different combinations of ascorbic acid (Vc), alpha‐tocopherol (Ve), brassinosteroids (Br), methyl jasmonates (MeJA) and triazoles (Tr) were used along with a nothing applied control. Our results depicted that high temperature severely reduced the pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention, germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of both rice cultivars. Nonetheless, exogenous application of various plant growth regulators assuaged the adverse effects of high temperature and Vc + Ve + MeJA + Br was found the best combination than the other treatments for every studied characteristic. The HNT posed more negative effects than the HDT . Variations were also apparent between cultivars and HHZ performed better than IR ‐64 under high‐temperature stress, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence, and greater pollen retention and germination rates. The greater tolerance of HHZ to high temperature was related with the higher synthesis of metabolites in this cultivar.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature severely reduced pollen fertility, anther dehiscence and pollen retention in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retentione1
- Direction
- severely reducede1
- Comparator
- control temperaturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e1“high temperature severely reduced the pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention, germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of both rice cultivars”
e2“control temperature ( CT ) in controlled growth chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced pollen germination and metabolite synthesis in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- germination and metabolites synthesise1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control temperaturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e1“high temperature severely reduced the pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention, germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of both rice cultivars”
e2“control temperature ( CT ) in controlled growth chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
High night temperature had more negative effects on rice pollen than high day temperature.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e3“The HNT posed more negative effects than the HDT”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous plant growth regulators assuaged the adverse effects of high temperature on rice pollen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of various plant growth regulatorse4
- Outcome
- adverse effects of high temperaturee4
- Direction
- assuagede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e4“exogenous application of various plant growth regulators assuaged the adverse effects of high temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination Vc + Ve + MeJA + Br was the best treatment for every studied characteristic.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Vc + Ve + MeJA + Bre5
- Outcome
- every studied characteristice5
- Direction
- beste5
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e5“Vc + Ve + MeJA + Br was found the best combination than the other treatments for every studied characteristic”
Claim · model-written summary
Huanghuazhan (HHZ) had higher pollen fertility than IR-64 under high-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Huanghuazhan (HHZ)e2
- Outcome
- pollen fertilitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- IR ‐64e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e1“Variations were also apparent between cultivars and HHZ performed better than IR ‐64 under high‐temperature stress, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence, and greater pollen retention and germination rates”
e2“two rice cultivars ( IR ‐64 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ))”
Claim · model-written summary
Huanghuazhan (HHZ) had better anther dehiscence than IR-64 under high-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Huanghuazhan (HHZ)e2
- Outcome
- anther dehiscencee1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- IR ‐64e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e1“Variations were also apparent between cultivars and HHZ performed better than IR ‐64 under high‐temperature stress, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence, and greater pollen retention and germination rates”
e2“two rice cultivars ( IR ‐64 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ))”
Claim · model-written summary
Huanghuazhan (HHZ) had greater pollen retention and germination rates than IR-64 under high-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Huanghuazhan (HHZ)e2
- Outcome
- pollen retention and germination ratese1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- IR ‐64e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e1“Variations were also apparent between cultivars and HHZ performed better than IR ‐64 under high‐temperature stress, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence, and greater pollen retention and germination rates”
e2“two rice cultivars ( IR ‐64 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ))”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher metabolite synthesis in HHZ is associated with its greater tolerance to high temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HHZe6
- Outcome
- synthesis of metabolitese6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- greater tolerance of HHZ to high temperaturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threats to rice production”
e6“The greater tolerance of HHZ to high temperature was related with the higher synthesis of metabolites in this cultivar”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.