Abstract
Two years of field experiments and one growth chamber experiment were conducted to determine the role of VA mycorrhizae in P and Zn absorption as well as the P-Zn interaction. The pattern of development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada was investigated. The field experiments consisted of three fertility treatments, recommended phosphorus (RP), high phosphorus (HP) and HP plus zinc (HPZn). The RP and HP soils were used in the growth chamber experiment and Zn fertilizer was added to both RP and HP soils to have treatments of RP, HP, RPZn and HPZn. Benomyl was used in the second year of the field experiment and in the growth chamber experiment to reduce mycorrhizal infection. In the field experiment in 1987, 20% of the roots were colonized by VAM in the RP soil just 3 wk after sowing. At 40 d after sowing, about 50% of roots were infected. The HP treatment significantly reduced VAM infection intensity compared to the RP treatment. The addition of 40 kg Zn ha −1 to the HP soil had little effect on mycorrhizal infection intensity in either field or growth chamber experiments. However, Zn fertilization increased mycorrhizal infection in the RP treatment in the growth chamber experiment. Treatment with benomyl significantly decreased mycorrhizal infection, shoot dry weight, P concentration and P inflow in the RP soil, suggesting the fungal relationship is important for P absorption in this soil. There was no conclusive evidence that mycorrhizae are important for P absorption in the HP soil. Although HP treatment decreased VAM infection greatly in both field and growth chamber experiments, it did not affect the absorption of Zn. Benomyl did not affect the shoot Zn concentration in either field or growth chamber experiments, suggesting that mycorrhizae are not important in the absorption of Zn on this soil. Key words: VAM infection development, maize, P, Zn, benomyl
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In field trials in 1987, 20% of maize roots were colonized by VAM in the RP soil 3 weeks after sowing.
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- RP soile1
- Interactor
- VAMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- colonized by VAMe1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Setting
- In the field experiment in 1987e1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e1“In the field experiment in 1987, 20% of the roots were colonized by VAM in the RP soil just 3 wk after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 days after sowing, about 50% of maize roots were infected by VAM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e2“At 40 d after sowing, about 50% of roots were infected”
Claim · model-written summary
The HP treatment significantly reduced VAM infection intensity in maize compared with the RP treatment.
- Treatment
- HP treatmente3
- Interactor
- VAMe3symbiont
- Outcome
- VAM infection intensitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- RP treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e3“The HP treatment significantly reduced VAM infection intensity compared to the RP treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 40 kg Zn per ha to the HP soil had little effect on mycorrhizal infection intensity in field or growth-chamber experiments.
- Treatment
- The addition of 40 kg Zn ha −1 to the HP soile4
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale4symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal infection intensitye4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Setting
- field or growth chamber experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e4“The addition of 40 kg Zn ha −1 to the HP soil had little effect on mycorrhizal infection intensity in either field or growth chamber experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization increased mycorrhizal infection in the RP treatment in the growth-chamber experiment.
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione5
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale5symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal infectione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- RP treatmente5
- Setting
- growth chamber experimente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e5“Zn fertilization increased mycorrhizal infection in the RP treatment in the growth chamber experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl significantly decreased mycorrhizal infection in the RP soil.
- Treatment
- benomyle6
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale6symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal infectione6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Setting
- RP soile6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e6“Treatment with benomyl significantly decreased mycorrhizal infection, shoot dry weight, P concentration and P inflow in the RP soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl significantly decreased shoot dry weight, P concentration and P inflow in the RP soil, suggesting the fungal relationship is important for P absorption.
- Treatment
- benomyle6
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, P concentration and P inflowe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- suggesting the fungal relationship is important for P absorption in this soile7
- Setting
- RP soile6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e6“Treatment with benomyl significantly decreased mycorrhizal infection, shoot dry weight, P concentration and P inflow in the RP soil”
e7“suggesting the fungal relationship is important for P absorption in this soil”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no conclusive evidence that mycorrhizae are important for P absorption in the HP soil.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e1“There was no conclusive evidence that mycorrhizae are important for P absorption in the HP soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The HP treatment greatly decreased VAM infection in maize in both field and growth-chamber experiments.
- Treatment
- HP treatmente1
- Interactor
- VAMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- VAM infectione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- both field and growth chamber experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e1“Although HP treatment decreased VAM infection greatly in both field and growth chamber experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The HP treatment did not affect the absorption of Zn by maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e1“Although HP treatment decreased VAM infection greatly in both field and growth chamber experiments”
e2“it did not affect the absorption of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl did not affect shoot Zn concentration in maize in field or growth-chamber experiments, suggesting that mycorrhizae are not important for Zn absorption on this soil.
- Treatment
- Benomyle1
- Outcome
- shoot Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- suggesting that mycorrhizae are not important in the absorption of Zn on this soile2
- Setting
- field or growth chamber experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada”
e1“Benomyl did not affect the shoot Zn concentration in either field or growth chamber experiments”
e2“suggesting that mycorrhizae are not important in the absorption of Zn on this soil”
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240 papers more in this group
See all 244 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.