Abstract
Abstract Seed development and changes in germination ability and longevity were monitored in control and shaded spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)crops grown in two contrasting years. Shading reduced seed dry matter accumulation rates by 24–28% and delayed maturation drying slightly, but had little effect (0–2 d) on the timing of physiological maturity (end of the seed-filling period); final seed dry weights were 76–85% of controls. Moisture contents (wb) at physiological maturity were 48–55%; final mean seed dry weights in the controls were 40.9 mg(S.E. 0.6) in 1988 and 35.2 mg (S.E. 0.5) in 1989. Shading had little orno effect on germination ability or longevity in either year. Seeds fromthe first harvest were viable when dried below 15% moisture content despite being only 34% (1988) to 63% (1989) filled; desiccation promoted germination. Maximum germination achieved after forced desiccation occurredin seeds harvested 7–10 d (1989) to 11–13 d (1988) after physiological maturity, with little subsequent change during the following 14 (1988) or 27 d (1989). Longevity continued to increase during development until a maximum was reached 18–20 d (1988) to 27 d (1989) after physiological maturity (at moisture contents on the mother plant of 18–19% and 14–15%, respectively). In both years, the longevity of these seeds was greater ( P <0.005) than that of seeds harvested either subsequently or earlier at physiological maturity. The results contradict the hypothesis that maximum seed quality coincides with physiological maturity and thereafter declines. Rather, maximum seed quality was attained close to when barley seed crops can be combine harvested The subsequent decline in potential longevity on the maternal plant in the field was quantitatively similar to that expected during post-harvest storage.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Shading reduced seed dry matter accumulation by 24–28%.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- seed dry matter accumulation ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24–28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Shading reduced seed dry matter accumulation rates by 24–28%”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading slightly delayed maturation drying.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Outcome
- maturation dryinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delayed maturation drying slightly”
e1“Shading reduced”
e2“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading had little effect on timing of physiological maturity, at 0–2 d.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Outcome
- timing of physiological maturitye0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Value
- 0–2 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had little effect (0–2 d) on the timing of physiological maturity”
e1“Shading reduced”
e2“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shaded final seed dry weights were 76–85% of controls.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Outcome
- final seed dry weightse0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 76–85% of controlse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final seed dry weights were 76–85% of controls”
e1“Shading reduced”
e2“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture at physiological maturity was 48–55%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- physiological maturitye0
- Outcome
- Moisture contents (wb)e0
- Value
- 48–55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moisture contents (wb) at physiological maturity were 48–55%”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control seed dry weight was 40.9 mg in 1988.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- final mean seed dry weightse0
- Value
- 40.9 mge0
- Qualifier
- in 1988e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final mean seed dry weights in the controls were 40.9 mg(S.E. 0.6) in 1988”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control seed dry weight was 35.2 mg in 1989.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Outcome
- final mean seed dry weightse1
- Value
- 35.2 mge0
- Qualifier
- in 1989e0
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“35.2 mg (S.E. 0.5) in 1989”
e1“final mean seed dry weights in the controls”
e2“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading had little or no effect on germination ability or longevity.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- germination ability or longevitye0
- Direction
- little orno effecte0
- Qualifier
- in either yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading had little orno effect on germination ability or longevity in either year”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-harvest seeds remained viable when dried below 15% moisture.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- dried below 15% moisture contente0
- Outcome
- were viablee0
- Qualifier
- only 34% (1988) to 63% (1989) fillede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds fromthe first harvest were viable when dried below 15% moisture content despite being only 34% (1988) to 63% (1989) filled”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation promoted germination.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- desiccatione0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“desiccation promoted germination”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum post-desiccation germination occurred 7–10 d after physiological maturity in 1989.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Maximum germinatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 7–10 de0
- Qualifier
- 1989e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum germination achieved after forced desiccation occurredin seeds harvested 7–10 d (1989) to 11–13 d (1988) after physiological maturity”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum post-desiccation germination occurred 11–13 d after physiological maturity in 1988.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Maximum germinatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 11–13 de0
- Qualifier
- 1988e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum germination achieved after forced desiccation occurredin seeds harvested 7–10 d (1989) to 11–13 d (1988) after physiological maturity”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum longevity occurred 18–20 d after physiological maturity in 1988.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Longevitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 18–20 de0
- Qualifier
- 1988e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longevity continued to increase during development until a maximum was reached 18–20 d (1988) to 27 d (1989) after physiological maturity”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum longevity occurred 27 d after physiological maturity in 1989.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longevity continued to increase during development until a maximum was reached 18–20 d (1988) to 27 d (1989) after physiological maturity”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peak-longevity seeds exceeded earlier and later harvested seeds in longevity.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- longevity of these seedse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- seeds harvested either subsequently or earlier at physiological maturitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“longevity of these seeds was greater ( P <0.005) than that of seeds harvested either subsequently or earlier at physiological maturity”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential longevity declined subsequently on the maternal plant at a rate similar to postharvest storage.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- potential longevity on the maternal plante0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Comparator
- post-harvest storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequent decline in potential longevity on the maternal plant in the field was quantitatively similar to that expected during post-harvest storage”
e1“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
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