Abstract
Abstract: Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kehan 50) plants were grown in pots under three atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (ambient, 550 and 750 p.p.m.) in field open‐top chambers (OTCs), with half of the plants subjected to aphid ( Sitobion avenae Fabricius) infestation. Increase in CO 2 levels increased host plant growth and grain yield, and decreased 1000‐grain dry weight compared with ambient CO 2 . On the contrary, aphids had a negative effect on 1000‐grain dry weight. Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen. However, the aphids did not affect the ear nitrogen and ratio of TNC : nitrogen. The responses of apterous and alate aphids to enrichment CO 2 atmosphere were different. Local population of aphids, including apterous and alate forms infested on host plants in OTCs, increased with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Emigrating alate aphids captured on sticky yellow paper decreased with rising CO 2 . CO 2 affected the reproductive activity of alate aphids. The alate forms deposited more offspring on plants grown at 550 and 750 p.p.m. CO 2 compared with ambient CO 2 . Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively with ear starch, sucrose, glucose, TNCs, raito of TNC : nitrogen and free amino acids, while negatively with ear fructose and nitrogen. Moreover, emigration population abundance was related negatively with ear starch, sucrose, glucose, TNCs, ratio of TNC : nitrogen and free amino acids and positively with ear fructose and nitrogen.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased wheat growth and grain yield.
- Taxon
- Spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in CO 2 levels increased host plant growth and grain yield, and decreased 1000‐grain dry weight compared with ambient CO 2”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide decreased thousand-grain dry weight.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in CO 2 levels increased host plant growth and grain yield, and decreased 1000‐grain dry weight compared with ambient CO 2”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids negatively affected thousand-grain dry weight.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0e1e2e3pest
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aphids had a negative effect on 1000‐grain dry weight”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased ear starch, sucrose and glucose.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased total non-structure carbohydrates, carbohydrate-to-nitrogen ratio and free amino acids.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased ear soluble protein.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide reduced ear fructose and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids did not affect ear nitrogen and carbohydrate-to-nitrogen ratio.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0e1e2e3pest
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aphids did not affect the ear nitrogen and ratio of TNC : nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased local apterous and alate aphid populations.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0e1e2e3pest
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Local population of aphids, including apterous and alate forms infested on host plants in OTCs, increased with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rising carbon dioxide decreased emigrating alate aphids.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0e1e2e3pest
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emigrating alate aphids captured on sticky yellow paper decreased with rising CO 2”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alate aphids deposited more offspring on wheat grown at 550 and 750 p.p.m. CO2.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alate forms deposited more offspring on plants grown at 550 and 750 p.p.m. CO 2 compared with ambient CO 2”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Local aphid abundance and reproductive activity correlated positively with several ear carbohydrates and amino acids.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0e1e2e3pest
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively with ear starch, sucrose, glucose, TNCs, raito of TNC : nitrogen and free amino acids”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Local aphid abundance and reproductive activity correlated negatively with ear fructose and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphat1e1e2e3pest
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while negatively with ear fructose and nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Emigrating aphid abundance was negatively related to ear carbohydrates and amino acids.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphat1e1e2e3pest
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emigration population abundance was related negatively with ear starch, sucrose, glucose, TNCs, ratio of TNC : nitrogen and free amino acids”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Emigrating aphid abundance was positively related to ear fructose and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2e3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphat1e1e2e3pest
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positively with ear fructose and nitrogen”
t0“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
t1“Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat”
e1“Host plants grown at elevated CO 2 generally had greater ear starch, sucrose, glucose, total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs), ratio of TNC : nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein and less ear fructose and nitrogen”
e2“Both population abundance of local aphids and reproductive activity of alate aphids correlated positively”
e3“emigration population abundance was related negatively”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.