Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is ravaged by many insect pests from germination to harvest. Sucking pests in the early stage and the fruit borers, Earias vittella Fabricius and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in the later stage causes extensive damage to fruits causing 69 per cent yield loss. In recent years, increased interest has been shown towards biological control following unsatisfactory results with the application of conventional insecticides. Horticultural crops, chiefly fruit crops, provide a stable environment offering good opportunity for biological control. Hence, investigations were carried out during 2007-2008 to assess the potential of braconid parasitoids against okra fruit borers. The results revealed that the combination of Trichogramma chilonis + Chelonus blackburni + Bracon brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis were more effective to lower larval population of E. vittella and H. armigera which was next to Endosulfan 35 EC after three releases/spray. Similar trend was also observed for per cent fruit damage on both number and weight basis. Combination of T. chilonis + C. blackburni + B. brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis recorded higher yield which was on par with endosulfan 35 EC. The results of the trials widened the scope of utilizing the braconid parasitoids in the biosuppression of fruit borers on okra. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v21i1.2585 Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 21(1): 39-50 (2009)
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of Trichogramma chilonis, Chelonus blackburni and Bracon brevicornis was more effective in lowering larval populations of E. vittella and H. armigera on okra.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentus
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- Trichogramma chilonis + Chelonus blackburni + Bracon brevicornise2
- Interactor
- E. vittella
_Figure_26b.jpg?width=60)
Earias vittellae2pest - Second interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae2pest - Outcome
- larval population of E. vittella and H. armigerae2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- next to Endosulfan 35 EC after three releases/spraye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_Figure_26b.jpg?width=500)
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is ravaged by many insect pests from germination to harvest”
e2“the combination of Trichogramma chilonis + Chelonus blackburni + Bracon brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis were more effective to lower larval population of E. vittella and H. armigera which was next to Endosulfan 35 EC after three releases/spray”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of Chelonus blackburni and Bracon brevicornis was more effective in lowering larval populations of E. vittella and H. armigera on okra.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- C. blackburni + B. brevicornise2
- Interactor
- E. vittellaEarias vittellae2pest
- Second interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- larval population of E. vittella and H. armigerae2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- next to Endosulfan 35 EC after three releases/spraye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is ravaged by many insect pests from germination to harvest”
e2“the combination of Trichogramma chilonis + Chelonus blackburni + Bracon brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis were more effective to lower larval population of E. vittella and H. armigera which was next to Endosulfan 35 EC after three releases/spray”
Claim · model-written summary
The parasitoid combination reduced per cent fruit damage on both number and weight basis in a similar trend to larval reduction.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Trichogramma chilonis + Chelonus blackburni + Bracon brevicornise2
- Outcome
- per cent fruit damage on both number and weight basise3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is ravaged by many insect pests from germination to harvest”
e2“the combination of Trichogramma chilonis + Chelonus blackburni + Bracon brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis were more effective to lower larval population of E. vittella and H. armigera which was next to Endosulfan 35 EC after three releases/spray”
e3“Similar trend was also observed for per cent fruit damage on both number and weight basis”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of T. chilonis, C. blackburni and B. brevicornis recorded higher okra yield, on par with endosulfan 35 EC.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- T. chilonis + C. blackburni + B. brevicornise2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- on par with endosulfan 35 ECe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is ravaged by many insect pests from germination to harvest”
e2“Combination of T. chilonis + C. blackburni + B. brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis recorded higher yield which was on par with endosulfan 35 EC”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of C. blackburni and B. brevicornis recorded higher okra yield, on par with endosulfan 35 EC.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- C. blackburni + B. brevicornise2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- on par with endosulfan 35 ECe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is ravaged by many insect pests from germination to harvest”
e2“Combination of T. chilonis + C. blackburni + B. brevicornis and C. blackburni + B. brevicornis recorded higher yield which was on par with endosulfan 35 EC”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the trials widen the scope for using braconid parasitoids in biosuppression of fruit borers on okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- biosuppression of fruit borerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results of the trials widened the scope of utilizing the braconid parasitoids in the biosuppression of fruit borers on okra”
The same questions in other papers
Trichogramma chilonis · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichogramma chilonis · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichogramma chilonis · Earias vittella · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.