Abstract
Previous studies carried out in smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa showed that bird damage to emerging seedlings reduced crop stand and yield of maize. Transplanting offered an opportunity to improve stand but there was no information on fertiliser management of transplants. An on-farm experiment was therefore conducted to compare the response to nitrogen (N) rate (60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg N ha-1) of direct seeded and transplanted maize. Transplanting resulted in a significantly higher crop stand of 96% compared to direct seeding, which achieved 78%. Transplanted maize had shortened growth duration in the field, reaching flowering stage 11 to 15 days earlier than direct seeded maize. At low N rates, transplants produced higher green cob weight, grain yield and longer cobs than direct seeded maize. The economically optimum N rates required to obtain marketable cobs were 149 and 98 kg ha-1, whilst those required for achieving optimum grain yields were estimated at 240 and 227 kg ha-1 with direct seeding and transplanting, respectively. The findings suggest that transplanted maize can be grown at lower N rates to achieve similar yield potentials as direct seeded maize, and that transplanting can help in improving crop stands in areas where bird damage on emerging seedlings is a problem. Key words: Crop stand, direct seeding, maize yield, N rate, transplanting.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting increased stand to 96% versus 78% with direct seeding.
- Treatment
- Transplantinge0
- Outcome
- crop stande0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Qualifier
- 78%e0
- Comparator
- direct seedinge0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transplanting resulted in a significantly higher crop stand of 96% compared to direct seeding, which achieved 78%”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted maize flowered 11 to 15 days earlier than direct seeded maize.
- Treatment
- Transplantede0
- Outcome
- reaching flowering stagee0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 11 to 15 dayse0
- Comparator
- direct seeded maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transplanted maize had shortened growth duration in the field, reaching flowering stage 11 to 15 days earlier than direct seeded maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At low nitrogen rates, transplants had higher green cob weight and grain yield than direct seeded maize.
- Treatment
- transplantse0
- Outcome
- green cob weight, grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- low N ratese0
- Comparator
- direct seeded maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low N rates, transplants produced higher green cob weight, grain yield and longer cobs than direct seeded maize”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At low nitrogen rates, transplanted maize had longer cobs.
- Treatment
- transplantse0
- Outcome
- cobse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Qualifier
- low N ratese0
- Comparator
- direct seeded maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low N rates, transplants produced higher green cob weight, grain yield and longer cobs than direct seeded maize”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum nitrogen rate for marketable cobs was 149 kg ha-1 with direct seeding.
- Treatment
- direct seedinge1
- Outcome
- economically optimum N rates required to obtain marketable cobse0
- Value
- 149e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“economically optimum N rates required to obtain marketable cobs were 149 and 98 kg ha-1”
e1“with direct seeding and transplanting, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum nitrogen rate for marketable cobs was 98 kg ha-1 with transplanting.
- Treatment
- transplantinge1
- Outcome
- economically optimum N rates required to obtain marketable cobse0
- Value
- 98 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“economically optimum N rates required to obtain marketable cobs were 149 and 98 kg ha-1”
e1“with direct seeding and transplanting, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated optimum nitrogen rate for grain yield was 240 kg ha-1 with direct seeding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum grain yields were estimated at 240 and 227 kg ha-1 with direct seeding and transplanting, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated optimum nitrogen rate for grain yield was 227 kg ha-1 with transplanting.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum grain yields were estimated at 240 and 227 kg ha-1 with direct seeding and transplanting, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend transplanting maize to obtain similar yield with less nitrogen and improve stands where birds damage seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transplanted maize can be grown at lower N rates to achieve similar yield potentials as direct seeded maize, and that transplanting can help in improving crop stands in areas where bird damage on emerging seedlings is a problem”
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transplanting · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.